insured persons with disabilities. Because there were no units collecting insurance data from life insurance companies between 2000 and 2012, the insurance companies had to refer to the empirical data of international reinsurance companies when underwriting. The FSC asked the TII to build an empirical statistical database for persons with disabilities effective January 1, 2012, and requested that insurance companies promptly submit relevant statistical data for the various categories of disability listed by the institute. The goal was to calculate the likelihood of various events occurring so that insurance companies could set and prepare the appropriate insurance product rates and liability reserves. However, because such data remain insufficient today, when insurance companies set insurance product rates, they generally refer to the information provided by the insurers, insurerrelated physical condition reports (e.g., medical examination results and medical records), and underwriting manuals of reinsurance companies to comprehensively assess the risks that the insured are exposed to, to determine their insurance product rates. (4) Although insurance companies have established underwriting assessment procedures for certain types of disability, the information is not fully transparent to disabled applicants, resulting in them being unaware of the insurance companies’ underwriting standards. Thus, even if they prepare and submit all the required health documents, their insurance applications may still be rejected following lengthy underwriting procedures. The FSC noted that insurance companies decide whether to accept insurance applications by performing risk assessments and evaluating their risk management capabilities on a case-by-case basis. Thus, establishing unified underwriting review standards that are applicable to all insurance companies is difficult. Nevertheless, the commission has requested that the NLIA and LIAROC amend their Guidelines for Insuring Persons with Disabilities to introduce a set of underwriting assessment procedures and standards to be followed by the insurance industry for all disability types. The NLIA and LIAROC are still deliberating and reviewing the amendments to be made, and the FSC shall continue to monitor the follow-up. Additionally, because persons with disabilities adjust their lifestyle in response to their social setting, there is no reason for the setting of risk assessment standards to be drawn out of thin air. 82