3 | Human rights risks and challenges Risk Risks to the rights of Disabled People 37. Exclusion of disabled people including physical and technological accessibility (particularly ticketing and pre-sale). 38. Disabled people are not consulted to provide advice and input on the diverse needs of disabled people, and on ways to create an accessible tournament. Risks to the rights of volunteers 39. Volunteers suffer labour exploitation through being asked to perform roles similar to or which should be classified as paid roles. 40. Marginalised and traditionally underrepresented groups including Indigenous, disabled, culturally diverse and low-income communities are excluded from volunteering opportunities. Risks to the rights to life, health and safety from the failure to respond appropriately to external factors 41. Risk to life, health and safety of players, workers and spectators should a terror attack occur at a stadium or city during the tournament. 42. COVID-19 (or other major health risk) outbreak or resurgence, or an extreme weather event occurs during the tournament. 43. Players or spectators from countries identified as high risk due to the political landscape or COVID-19 pandemic face visa issues and cannot participate in the tournament. 44. Negative impacts on the right to a clean, healthy and sustainable environment caused by tournament organisers and hosts’ failure to put in place responsible environmental policies for the tournament Risks to the rights of people seeking asylum 45. Players, support crew, or fans claim refugee status on arrival in Australia or Aotearoa New Zealand and risk refoulement if not adequately supported to gain protection Risks to the rights of people who identify as LGBTQI+ 46. Players, officials and spectators experience abuse and harassment on the basis of their sexual orientation, gender identity and expression, or sex characteristics. 47. Athletes and spectators cannot fully enjoy their freedom of expression with respect to their sexual orientation, gender identity and expression, or sex characteristics. 48. Facilities are not inclusive for athletes, officials or spectators who identify as LGBTQI+. 44