Universal Declaration of Human Rights A woman, age 57 Ubon Ratchathani province Voice “People increasingly realize the potential of peaceful protests” A 57-year-old woman from Wang Sabaeng Tai, Ubon Ratchathani province, believes that the right to peaceful assembly is one of the main foundations of democracy. She notes that positive developments have taken place in Thailand that have led to a greater enjoyment of this right since 1985, when she joined the community’s movement protesting against the development of a hydroelectric project in the Mool River basin, now known as the Pak Mool Dam. The movement gained momentum in 1992 and made some achievements by negotiating with the government to take into account the effects the dam would have on the life of villagers, whose livelihoods depend on the river for fishing and other sources of income. Being a woman at the forefront of the series of protests against the project “was not an easy position at that time; it was against the social norm. However, things have changed a lot. People increasingly realize the potential of peaceful protests,” she explains. The success of the Pak Mool movement has proven that peaceful protest can lead to a solution, she says. “As a matter of fact, no one wants to be out protesting, but we have learned that nothing happens if we just send out petitions. Negotiations will not take place unless there is pressure from the masses,” she reflects. “Mass protests will remain a means of negotiation for the poor as long as in Thai politics, the politicians and the capitalists continue to share the profits.” In her view, the right to peaceful assembly is a fundamental right. The justification of such assembly depends on the cause of the movement. She thinks that peaceful protests should be accepted as a political means to conflict resolution. For this to happen, she believes it is necessary for society at all levels to have a good grasp of what is allowed by law, and for such laws to be enforced without prejudice. “Each rally should have a clear goal and a clear timeframe on what is to be achieved. The government, on the other hand, should be quick to address the demands, with a clear explanation. Ignorance and taking matters for granted can lead to things getting out of control,” she adds. 92 Dignity and Justice for All of Us