Article 18 The number and seriousness of allegations that Dr. Jahangir receives in her mandate lead to the conclusion that freedom of religion or belief is far from being a reality for many individuals all over the world. Victims of religious intolerance belong to all religions and beliefs. At the same time, the perpetrators, too, are not confined to one or a few identified religious or belief communities. Religious intolerance has increased worldwide – especially since 2001 – and the actors for peace and tolerance have been marginalized. Freedom of religion or belief is a complex, delicate and multi-faceted human right. Dr. Jahangir’s 22 years of mandate practice reveal that the effective protection and promotion of the right to freedom of religion or belief poses serious challenges to all states. Wise and balanced decisionmaking at all governmental levels as well as non-discriminatory legislation are crucial for addressing the delicate issues involved. Furthermore, an independent and non-arbitrary judiciary is a prerequisite for safeguarding freedom of religion or belief. States must provide adequate protection to victims and effective remedies in cases where the right to freedom of religion or belief has been violated. Protection needs to be complemented by prevention efforts. The prevention of acts of intolerance and discrimination requires pro-active strategies and creative approaches by all actors. Governments should identify and adequately address possible conflicts between communities of religion or belief ahead of time. Moreover, they need to review policies and administrative approaches in all issues involving freedom of religion or belief. However, specific legislation should be introduced in a cautious manner since any compulsory over-regulation may be counterproductive. The role of civil society is also essential in promoting religious tolerance and in preventing misunderstandings, conflicts and violations through education and inter-religious dialogue for instance. Dr. Jahangir expresses her sincere hope that on this momentous 60th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the heartfelt and important efforts undertaken by many actors in all regions of the world for the protection and promotion of the right to freedom of religion or belief will bear fruit. Our Voices are Heard in Thailand 85