According to ICHR monitoring, the right of vulnerable and marginalised groups to education is abused. MoE data showed that the gross enrolment ratio at kindergartens (KG 1 and KG 2) was approximately 56 percent. Pupils at government kindergartens only represented 1.5 percent of the entire pupil population. Out of a total 2,391, there were 105 government kindergartens. The number of persons with disabilities integrated in the government school system was just 1 percent of the total student population. With respect to the school curriculum, human rights principles and values need to be incorporated and reflected in the Palestinian school books clearly, smoothly, meaningfully, and both quantitatively and qualitatively. Education of human rights should be valueoriented, not only knowledge-based. Contents in conflict with human rights or those which present a stereotypical image of women in school books should be neutralised. Textbooks of all grades should have a fully consistent and integrated approach to human rights-based education. To this avail, the ICHR recommends that: o Financial resources needed for development expenditures be provided to improve education and develop educational programmes for all social groups and marginalised (rural) areas, Wall-adjacent communities, remote villages, and persons with disabilities. o Secondary education be free of charge. o Curriculum development be continued, based on a human rights perspective.9 o The Palestinian government grant full independence and freedom of scientific research, literary, cultural and artistic innovation to higher education institutions and scientific research centres. The government will ensure protection and inviolability of human dignity, respect for pluralism and equality, and protection of intellectual property and copyrights. Cultural rights In paragraph 251-274, the report refers to the right to participation in cultural life and to relevant regulations. Nevertheless, the report does not make a mention of the Law by Decree No. 11 of 2018 on Tangible Cultural Heritage, which holds great significance to the conservation of movable and immovable tangible cultural properties. Available information indicates that the provisions of this law by decree are not respected. In particular, buildings viewed by the law by decree as cultural heritage are being pulled down. The Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities has not established the Advisory Council of Heritage as provided for under the law by decree. A bylaw of this council has not been 9 In 2019, the ICHR analysed the content of school textbooks from a human rights and gender perspective. Reports were deliberated with the MoE and relevant civil society organisations. Discussions demonstrated that some content was insensitive of human rights or entrenched traditional social patterns. 16