the other culture, or neither of them). Research has shown that the majority of New Zealanders (82%) endorse the integration strategy for migrants (Ward & Masgoret, 2008; which differs from other countries like the United States and France, where assimilation, or rather completely adopting the values of the new culture, is promoted). In a study conducted with young migrants in New Zealand, it was found that those who maintained their ethnic identity as well as adopted the new national identity had better school adjustment, educational achievement and had high levels of self-esteem and life satisfaction (Ward & Lin, 2005). Qualitative research with members of the New Zealand Chinese Association (representing multi-generation Kiwi Chinese for the most part) found that the typical identity strategy used by this group was to not differentiate oneself strongly from other New Zealanders (Liu & Moughan, 2010). Interviewees were not able to describe how Chinese leadership styles differed from mainstream New Zealand leadership styles, and attachment to Kiwi Chinese identity was more a matter of intuitive comfort level rather than clearly articulated or definable qualities of difference. Virtually all people in this group saw their dual heritage as both Kiwis and Chinese as an asset, and visualized themselves as being able to bridge communities, even though they were aware that their Chinese language skills were often insufficient. While they would have emigrated to New Zealand under different circumstances (of low numbers of migrants), their successful integration into New Zealand cultural life points to a strategy of acculturation that does not involve differentiating oneself from the mainstream, but viewing oneself as a combination of qualities from both the heritage ethnicity and society at large-- in short, an assimilative integration strategy. New migrants by contrast clearly identified themselves as Chinese, and were able to articulate clear differences between themselves and Kiwis. These results suggest that a multi-generational pattern of acculturation for Asian migrants is one pathway forward (Liu & Moughan, 2010). But this type of integration is by no means assured in the contemporary environment of large numbers of new migrants being able to form ethnic enclaves both for their own comfort and as a shield against prejudice and discrimination from society at large. If such a pattern were to emerge and be sustained, then the 20th century “Kiwi Chinese” pattern of multigenerational integration would no longer be viable. Furthermore, in the current economic environment the historical pattern of integrative acculturation which came at the cost of the loss of Chinese language skills in the Kiwi Chinese group, which is a significant loss if New Zealand is to establish higher levels of trade with China. 5. Importance of Promoting Social Inclusion and Cohesion Skilled migrants are increasingly sought in New Zealand to fill gaps and shortages that exist in the labour force. Ensuring that migrants feel welcome, supported and satisfied with their lives in NZ, as we have seen, will in turn increase self-esteem and good mental health. On the other side of this, migrants’ experiences of discrimination, not having close friends, spending time only with their own ethnic groups, and being unemployed were all shown to predict the diagnosis of clinical levels of depression for Indo-Chinese refugees (Pernice & Brook, 1996). Racial discrimination (including physical and verbal abuse, as well as unfair 16