the 1253 race-related complaints directed towards it were for comments by MP Hone Harawira, and were typically filed by male NZ Europeans. The group that complained the most about racial discrimination were NZ Europeans, the ethnic group that experiences discrimination the least in NZ society. Even excluding complaints following the Harawira incident, 25% of complaints were by NZ Europeans, 13% by Māori, 7% by Indians, and 10% by other Asians. This does not fit well with a portrait of whingeing ethnic minorities in Aotearoa/New Zealand, but rather ethnic minorities coping with a dominant and vocal majority. 4.1 Life Satisfaction and Quality of Life More in-depth qualitative research suggests that Chinese migrants downplay the importance of the experience of discrimination and attribute these incidents to a few bad apples (e.g., young, drunk, and poorly educated people) rather than to Kiwis in general. Although few new migrants reported close relationships with Kiwis, they felt like they were treated with respect by people that knew them. Once in a position of employment, they also reported that treatment towards them was fair, with promotions based on merit (Liu & Moughan, 2010). While the experience of discrimination may be common, it is also occasional, and far outnumbered by more pleasant and fulfilling encounters. For many Asians, migration to New Zealand is a one-way street, a choice taken for their children's education (Chang, Morris & Vokes, 2008; Meares, Ho, Peace & Spoonley, 2010b) or in search of a higher quality of life in a clean and healthy physical environment. The experience of discrimination, while common, is not frequent enough to spoil other aspects of the lifestyle they have chosen. Some people report feeling less stress in New Zealand and having more time to spend with their families than they had in their home countries (Meares, Ho, Peace & Spoonley, 2010b) and report similar current levels of stress to other New Zealanders (AC Nielson, 2008). They also have comparable high levels of subjective wellbeing to Pākehā, Māori and Pasifika (AC Nielson, 2008). When I look back at Hong Kong and compare it with here, I have no regrets… when I go back to Hong Kong, I cannot see the air, the skyline… and the stress… here it is so quiet, you are able to talk… Hong Kong, no way. Always busy, busy, busy!” Source: Spoonley & Meares, 2009 4.2 Acculturation Strategies Four acculturation strategies that migrants can adopt have been identified in the research literature (integration, assimilation, separation and marginalization; Berry, 2001). Studies conducted both inside and outside of New Zealand show the integration strategy to be the most beneficial for a migrant’s psychological and sociocultural adjustment with his or her new host society (e.g., Berry, Phinney, Sam & Vedder, 2006 for the international context and Ward & Lin, 2005 for the New Zealand one). This means that the migrant feels strongly attached to the traditions of his or her home or ethnic origins and is also highly involved in the practices of the new host society (as opposed to placing greater importance on one or 15

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