or developing institutional structures that directly or indirectly result in the denial of the equal enjoyment by women of their civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights. b) The obligation to protect requires that states parties protect women from discrimination by private actors and take steps aimed at eliminating prejudices, stereotypes and customs that perpetuate gender discrimination. c) The obligation to fulfill requires that states parties take a wide variety of steps to ensure that women and men enjoy equal rights both de jure and de facto, including the adoption of temporary special measures as stipulated in Article 4 of CEDAW and General Recommendation No. 25. d) The obligation to promote stipulates that state parties should, in addition to fulfilling the first three obligations in accordance with Paragraph 37 of General Recommendation No. 28, broadly strengthen their knowledge of and support for their other obligations under the convention. Article 10, Paragraph 6 of the Additional Articles of the Constitution of the Republic of China clearly stipulates that “The State shall protect the dignity of women, safeguard their personal safety, eliminate sexual discrimination, and further substantive gender equality.” Article 3 of the Enforcement Act of Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women explains the hierarchy of the convention relative to domestic regulations and measures: “All rules, regulations, ordinances and administrative measures applicable to the Convention shall refer to the intention of the Convention, and any and all interpretations and explanations provided by the Committee on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women of the United Nations.” Article 4 of the enforcement act defines the government’s negative and positive duties: “Upon exercising its authority, all government units shall do so in accordance with all rules and regulations regarding protection to genders and human rights specified in the Convention, eliminate gender discrimination, and actively promote the realization of gender equality.” Article 34, Paragraph 1 of the Gender Equality in Employment Act stipulates that “When an employee or job applicant discovers that the 74