II. On Land: Abuses at Human-Trafficking Camps and Houses in Thailand and Malaysia 40 Similar to the situation on the human-trafficking ships, traffickers on land often identified the ownership of Rohingya and Bangladeshi captives by color-coded wristbands. According to Thai court testimonies and testimonies provided by survivors to Fortify Rights, traffickers divided captives by colored wristbands.91 For example, “Rohima,” 19, told Fortify Rights: “We were brought to an island when we arrived in Thailand and given a white-colored wristband.”92 In some cases, traffickers marked their captives’ hands or skin with permanent markers to denote ownership. “Abdul R.,” who fled Buthidaung Township in Myanmar’s Rakhine State in 2014 and survived ten months and ten days in a human-trafficking camp on the Malaysia-Thailand border, described traffickers marking their captives: When we arrived [at the camp], there were over 900 people there already. [The traffickers] seated us together and put marks on our hands with a marker and divided us by groups according to which broker we belonged to. It was just a number [on my arm]. They always counted [aloud] the balance. It was an inventory system. We couldn’t move freely, and they counted us daily.93 Witness testimony during a 2016 human-trafficking trial in Thailand suggested traffickers referred to their captives as “black chicken” and referred to the human-trafficking camps as “pens” or “stables.”94 Fortify Rights and the Commission documented a variety of camps on the Malaysia-Thailand border from 2012 to 2015 located in mountainous areas, jungles, plantations, and islands near the border as well as in residential homes and warehouses.95 The camps comprised makeshift to semi-permanent infrastructure capable of holding dozens to several thousand captives at any given time.96 Without knowing the exact location, Fortify Rights documented camps equipped with iron fences, concrete toilets, and sizable canvas tents built specifically for the purpose of confining large numbers of people.97 Survivors also described camps with permanent structures, including warehouses that held several hundred captives at any given time, as well as residential homes, where traffickers confined large numbers of Rohingya and Bangladeshi nationals in overcrowded and locked rooms.98 “Rahim Ullah,” 16, said traffickers drove him and others in a truck for 12 hours to a remote campsite on the Malaysia-Thailand border after arriving in Thailand. He described the camp, saying: “The area was a valley. [The camp] only had flimsy plastic for a floor, and the roof was plastic too. The water was coming off the mountain, so it was very wet.”99 “Abdul R.” described a mountain human-trafficking camp where traffickers held him on the Malaysia-Thailand border in 2013: “It was a big mountain area, a very high mountain. [The traffickers] took us there and started beating us and torturing us and demanding money.”100 91 Fortify Rights, internal report on human trafficking case, trial monitoring notes, Rachada Criminal Court, Human Trafficking Division, Bangkok, Thailand, May 5 and 12, 2016. See also, Fortify Rights interviews with human traffickers and human trafficking survivors, 2013-2015. 92 Fortify Rights interview with #77, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, September 27, 2014. 93 Abdul R. believes he is anywhere from 20 to 25 years old—it is not uncommon for Rohingya from Myanmar to be unsure of their age and birthday. Fortify Rights interview with #55, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, September 27, 2014. 94 Fortify Rights, internal report on human trafficking case, trial monitoring notes, Rachada Criminal Court, Human Trafficking Division, Bangkok, Thailand, May 5 and 12, 2016. See also, Fortify Rights interviews with human traffickers and human trafficking survivors, 2013-2015. 95 See, for example, the Commission interviews with W6, W7, W8, W11, W13, W14, W15, W16, W17, W18, and W19, Penang 96 Ibid. State, Malaysia, May 22-23, 2017, See also, Fortify Rights interviews with #5, #6, #10, #17, and #19, Malaysia, 2015. 97 See, for example, Fortify Rights interviews with #5, #6, #10, and #17, Malaysia, 2015. 98 See, for example, Fortify Rights interviews with #17 and #19, Pahang State, Malaysia, August 13, 2014. 99 Fortify Rights interview with #10, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, August 11, 2014. 100 Fortify Rights interview with #55, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, September 27, 2014.