individuals vulnerable to cyber-attacks. AI can be used to create convincing fake images and videos, which can be used to spread misinformation or even manipulate public opinion.”7 Additionally, AI can be used to create highly sophisticated phishing attacks, which can trick individuals into revealing sensitive information or clicking on malicious links. Right to Privacy Human Rights form the foundation and cornerstone of any civilised society. The right to privacy has been classified as a first-generation human right. The Greek philosopher, Aristotle spoke of a division between the public sphere of political affairs (which he termed the polis) and the personal sphere of human life (termed oikos). This dichotomy may provide early recognition of “a confidential zone on behalf of the citizen.”8 The Right to Privacy is an important human right that is essential for the protection of personal autonomy and freedom.9 “Privacy is a concomitant of the right of the individual to exercise control over his or her personality. It finds an origin in the notion that there are certain rights that are natural to or inherent in a human being. Natural Rights are inalienable because they are inseparable from the human personality. The human element in life is impossible to conceive without the existence of natural rights.”10 A fundamental human right, the right to privacy refers to the freedom for an individual to live their private life without interference or intrusion from others, including the state and other organisations. Privacy constitutes “the right to be let alone; the right of a person to be free from any unwarranted publicity; the right to live without any unwarranted interference by the public in matters with which the public is not necessarily concerned.”11 It encompasses various aspects, such as personal autonomy, informational privacy, and bodily integrity. The right to privacy is recognised by various international human rights treaties and many national constitutions. The fascinating history of the development of the right Stanford University, ‘Artificial Intelligence and Life in 2030’, One Hundred Year Study on Artificial Intelligence: Report of the 2015-2016 Study Panel, Section III: Prospects and Recommendations for Public Policy, September 2016, available at: http://ai100.stanford.edu/2016-report 8 Michael C. James, “A Comparative Analysis of the Right to Privacy in the United States, Canada and Europe”, Connecticut Journal of International Law (Spring 2014), Vol. 29, Issue 2, at page 261 9 Universal Declaration of Human Rights Article 12, United Nations Convention on Migrant Workers Article 14, UN Convention of the Protection of the Child Article 16, International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights Article 17; regional conventions including Article 10 of the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child, Article 11 of the American Convention on Human Rights, Article 4 of the African Union Principles on Freedom of Expression, Article 5 of the American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man, Article 21 of the Arab Charter on Human Rights, and Article 8 of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms; Johannesburg Principles on National Security, Free Expression and Access to Information, Camden Principles on Freedom of Expression and Equality. 10 Edwin W. Patterson, “A Pragmatist Looks at Natural Law and Natural Rights”, in Arthur L. Harding ed., Natural Law and Natural Rights (1955), at pages 62-6 11 Black Law Dictionary 7 86 Journal of the National Human Rights Commission, Vol. 22, 2023