or other appropriate remedies at both national and international levels.2° All victims of such violations should be entitled to adequate reparation, which may take the form of restitution, compensation, satisfaction or guarantees of non-repetition. National ombudsmen, human rights commissions, consumer or similar rights associations patients’ forums, 64. Moreover, coordinated efforts for the realization of the right to health should be maintained to enhance the interaction among all the actors concerned, including the various components of civil society. In institutions should address violations of the right to conformity with articles 22 and 23 of the Covenant, WHO, The International Labour Organization, the United Nations Development Programme, UNICEF, the United Nations Population Fund, the World Bank, health. regional 60. Monetary Fund, the World Trade Organization and other relevant bodies within the United Nations system, should cooperate effectively with States parties, of The incorporation international in the domestic instruments legal order recognizing the right development banks, the International be building on their respective expertise, in relation to the implementation of the right to health at the national encouraged in all cases.*1 Incorporation enables courts to adjudicate violations of the right to health, level, with due respect to their individual mandates. In particular, the international financial institutions, to health can significantly enhance the scope effectiveness and of remedial measures should and or at least its core obligations, by direct reference to notably the Covenant. Monetary the World Fund, Bank should and pay the greater International attention to the protection of the right to health in their lending 61. Judges should be and members encouraged by of the legal States profession parties to pay greater attention to violations of the right to health in the exercise of their functions. 62. States parties should respect, protect, facilitate and promote the work of human rights advocates and other members of civil society with a view to assisting vulnerable or marginalized groups in the realization of their right to health. policies, credit agreements and structural adjustment programmes. When examining the reports of States parties and their ability to meet the obligations under article 12, the Committee will consider the effects of the assistance provided by all other actors. The adoption of a human rights-based United Nations specialized agencies, and approach by programmes bodies will greatly facilitate implementation of States parties’ reports, the Committee consider the role of health professional V. OBLIGATIONS STATES PARTIES 63. The OF ACTORS and assigned to WHO OTHER and other non-governmental organizations in relation THAN United in Nations particular the agencies key and function in realizing the right to health at the international, regional and country levels, is of particular importance, as is the function of UNICEF in relation to the right to health of children. When formulating and implementing their right to health national strategies, States parties should avail themselves of technical assistance and cooperation of WHO. Further, when preparing their reports, States parties should utilize the extensive information and advisory services of WHO with regard to data collection, disaggregation, and the development of right to health indicators and benchmarks. 65. The role of WHO, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, the International Committee of the Red Cross/Red Crescent and UNICEF, as wellas non governmental organizations and national medical associations, is of particular importance in relation to disaster relief and humanitarian assistance in times of emergencies, including assistance to refugees and internally displaced persons. Regardless of whether groups as such can seek remedies as distinct holders of rig hts, States both the collective and individual parties are bound by dimensions of article 12. Collective rights are critical in the field of health; modern public health policy relies heavily on prevention and promotion which are approaches directed primarily 31 42 to groups. See General Comment No. 2, para. 9. cure ECONDMIC, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL RIGHTS HANDBOOK Priority in the provision of international medical aid, distribution and management of resources, such as safe and potable water, food and medical supplies, and financial aid should be given to the most vulnerable or marginalized groups of the population. Adopted on 11 May 2000. 30 will also associations to the States’ obligations under article 12. role of the programmes, of the right to health. In the course of its examination ©1996-2001 Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Geneva, Switzerland Rights