a seminar. He explained that BV conducts on-site audits to ensure compliance with established standards, which include inspecting operations on fishing vessels and verifying procedures during port-side fish unloading. While BV draws its standards from European and American fleets, adapting these standards to the operational models of Asian fleets remains a challenge, as neither the Taiwanese government nor international fisheries organizations have unified standards. “BV is not a government body or an inspection authority. We hold no governmental status. Instead, we offer our clients assurance services, standing between them and their customers to vouch that their fleets meet the audit requirements.” Local customs and fisheries agencies are often understaffed and sometimes delegate tasks like fishery inspections or onboard verifications to third-party organizations. Due to diplomatic constraints, Taiwan relies more heavily on third-party flexibility, allowing such companies to dispatch personnel to ports efficiently. However, stricter countries like Singapore, which restrict third-party access to ports, pose challenges. When asked which areas require attention to improve human rights in fisheries, Lee responded that while product traceability and addressing illegal fishing remain critical, the focus in the past two to three years has shifted to observing how captains, fishing masters, and engineers treat crew members. Additionally, during unloading operations, it is essential to ensure that fishers receive adequate rest. Interviews with fishers are conducted at ports rather than onboard, as port-side interviews provide opportunities to verify fundamental issues such as wage payments, contract terms, training (including maritime safety), and certifications. Lee emphasized that social responsibility auditors must create an environment where fishers feel comfortable sharing their concerns. Interviews are not merely perfunctory interactions but require genuine engagements. 118