Following extensive consultations among the partners, it was decided to incorporate a new chapter on domestic violence to the third “Rights” Side of Life survey with the aim of understanding the levels of knowledge, perception and prevalence of domestic violence in the Maldives. Law Number 3/2012 (The Domestic Violence Prevention Act) explicitly prohibits domestic violence, including physical, sexual, verbal, psychological and financial abuse. At the end of 2019, a total 541 cases of domestic violence were reported to the FPA, of which 376 were allegations of physical abuse, 416 were verbal and psychological abuse, and 114 were sexual abuse cases.12 Coercing, intimidating or forcing the 0.84% victim to commit an act which such person would not have consented to or committed by their own volition 0.57% 0.65% Confining the victim to a place or restricting their movement against their will 1.35% 0.76% 0.94% Attempting to commit any of the foregoing acts or causing apprehension of such acts 0.34% 0.23% 0.26% Causing a minor to witness or hear an 0.42% act of domestic violence or presenting or placing a minor in such situation where such minor may witness or hear an act of domestic violence 0.50% 0.47% Other 0.69% 0.73% 0.84% RF 0.00% 0.08% 0.05% DK/NA 6.24% 3.17% 4.10% LEVEL OF AWARENESS No significant differences were observed in identifying forms of domestic violence between outer islands and urban respondents. Acts of Domestic Violence Domestic Relationships When asked to identify five acts of domestic violence, 21.2% respondents identified physical abuse. Exactly half the respondents went on to say that sexual abuse in a domestic relationship is an offence. 11.9% said verbal abuse, making threats for the purpose of intimidation and harassment are acts of domestic violence. Women were generally more confident in identifying the forms of domestic violence. For people to be able to identify acts of domestic violence and subsequently report or seek help, it is imperative that they can fully comprehend what constitutes a domestic relationship. Table 44: Forms of Domestic Violence identified by the respondents, by gender Physical abuse Male Female Total 22.01% 20.83% 21.17% Sexual abuse 13.24% 14.99% 14.44% Verbal abuse / psychological abuse 10.79% 12.44% 11.93% Economic / Financial abuse 7.50% 8.39% 8.12% Impregnating the spouse, without 2.28% concern to her health condition and against any medical advice to refrain from impregnation for a specified period of time 3.62% 3.21% Impregnating a woman, who is trying 2.70% to remove herself from a harmful marriage, against her will 2.06% 2.27% Deliberately withholding the property 1.69% of a person 1.49% 1.57% Intimidation 11.90% 11.78% 11.47% Harassment 13.07% 12.06% 12.38% Stalking 1.77% 2.82% 2.53% Damage to property 2.70% 2.56% 2.58% Entry into, and being present 0.34% thereafter at the victim’s residence without consent, where the parties do not share the same residence 0.38% 0.37% Any other act which may be described 0.42% as controlling or abusive behaviour towards the victim 0.46% 0.44% 12 http://www.fpa.gov.mv/w/dh/statistics 38 When the respondents of the survey were asked to identify what domestic relationships are, 20.4% said it was parents or persons who have or had parental responsibility for a child, 20.3% understood it as the relationship between people who are or were married to each other, 15.1% believed it is one that exists between persons who are family members related by consanguinity, affinity or marriage and 14.1% thought persons who recently shared the same residence were in a domestic relationship. One third of the respondents believed that the relationship between family members is a domestic relationship. 94.1% of respondents do not believe that two people in an intimate relationship are in a domestic relationship, which may thus have serious implications on reporting and seeking help, protection and justice. One third of the respondents could not name any form of domestic relationship.

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