• the impacts (particularly longterm) of workplace sexual harassment on individuals, businesses and society more broadly and the economic costs of workplace sexual harassment • the effectiveness of strategies for the primary prevention of sexual harassment. (iii) Prevention outside the workplace To prevent workplace sexual harassment, primary prevention initiatives must not only address the drivers of sexual harassment in a workplace context but also in society more broadly. Sexual harassment is recognised as a form of gendered violence. The social norms, structures, attitudes and practices that drive violence against women are the same drivers that enable sexual harassment. Violence against women encompasses physical violence and other forms of gender-based harm including psychological harm.31 Primary prevention refers to initiatives that target the whole population and aim to transform the key drivers of violence against women, including sexual harassment, so that the violence or harassment does not happen in the first place.32 Effective primary prevention of sexual harassment requires strategies that recognise and aim to shift the gendered drivers that underpin sexual harassment and that promote gender equality. This is the approach recommended in Change the Story: A shared framework for the primary prevention of violence against women and their children in Australia (Change the Story), which provides an evidence-based framework to guide efforts to prevent sexual harassment. Change the Story sets out that: • violence against women is driven by gender inequality • violence against women is preventable • the actions that will prevent violence against women involve challenging gender inequality (for example, challenging gender stereotypes) and promoting and normalising gender equality in public and private life • actions must be taken by governments, organisations and individuals in the different settings where people live, work, learn and socialise, and must be tailored to the context and needs of different groups.33 The Commission heard from a number of parties, including a joint statement signed by more than 100 organisations and academics, that any primary prevention efforts developed to address sexual harassment should be informed by the Change the Story framework. Respect@Work: National Inquiry into Sexual Harassment in Australian Workplaces • 2020 • 23

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