206 Economic Good Governance Index (EGGI), 88 “Econominism,” 14 EDSA Dos, 118, 159-160 See also People Power 2 EDSA revolution (1986), vii, 26, 150 EDSA Shrine, 158 Education, lack of, 73 EGGI See Economic Good Governance Index Egypt, viii e-lagda (e-signature), 158 Election Automation System (AES), 56-58 Election-related violence, Philippines, (19862010), 52 Elections, ix, xiii, 5, 10, 17, 24-25, 46-51, 59, 7475, 79-80, 85, 160, 163, 184, 186-187, 196 1902, 95 1946, 75, 88 1987, 49, 65, 187 2004, 53, 86, 98, 187 2007, 53, 86, 187 2010, 57, 69, 88 Elections, free and competitive, 18 history of, 187 role of, 50 Elections, synchronized, 77 two contrasting views, 77 Elections, two models for understanding the role of, 50 accountability view, 51 mandate view, 50 Electoral politics, iv Electoral processes, 33, 182, 186, 191 Electoral system, 103 flaws in, 56 Elite (Ilustrados), 59 Elite(s), 51, 60, 64-65, 74-75, 80, 96-97,151, 172, 187, 195 Elite democracy, 153 End of History and the Last Man, 15 Enrile, Juan Ponce, Defense Minister, 98 Epifanio de los Santos Avenue (EDSA), 98 Equality, 8 Esguerra, Christian V., 86 e-signature See e-lagda Esposo, William, 125 Estrada, Joseph Ejercito, President, 25, 31, 99, 110, 116, 120-121, 125, 157-159 Ethnic minorities, 5 European liberalism, 95 Chasing the Wind: Assessing Philippine Democracy The Executive, iv-v “Executive coup,” 97, 106 hegemony, 101-102, 122, 125, 188 powers, 108, 115 “Expansion of freedom,” 106, 122 F “Fallacy of anachronism,” 18 “Fallacy of electoralism,” 47 Family(ies), 59-61 Family and kinship network, 60 FARMC See Fisheries and Aquatic Resource Management Council Fearon, James, 51 “Feckless pluralism,” 97 Federalism, 179 Ferrer, Raymundo, Brig. Gen., 49, 86 Fertilizer Scam scandal, 103, 116-118, 125, 128, 130 Fertilizer subsidies, 116 Fertilizers, 117 Filipinization, 96 Filipino rice cake (bibingka), 160 Firearms, 53 Fish, M. Steven, 126 Fisherfolks, 150 Fisheries and Aquatic Resource Management Council (FARMC), 165 “Flypaper effect,” 169, 171 See also “Money sticks where it hits” Foreign borrowings, 97 Foreign debt(s) automatic appropriation for the payment of the, 126-127 payment, moratorium on, 97 France, viii, 3 Franco, Jennifer, 153-154 Fraud: Gloria M. Arroyo and the May 2004 Elections, 86 Freedom(s), 8-9, 11, 17-18 Freedom House, 20, 28 Freedom of Information, vii, 128, 190 Freedom World, 28 French Fifth Republic, 100 Fukuyama, Francis, 3, 15, 186 Fund for Peace, 28 Fund for Peace's 2011 Failed State Index, 28 G Gabriela, 78, 155 Galing Pook Award(s), 166, 167, 180, 193