204 COMELEC See Commission on Elections Commission on Appointments, 107, 118 Commission on Audit, 106, 129 Commission on Elections (COMELEC), 25, 48-50, 56-59, 86, 187, 196 Commission on Human Rights, v, xiv, 106, 129 Committee on Appropriations, 128 Commonwealth (Philippines), 96 Communist movements, 49-50, 98 Communist Party, 75 Communist-led guerrillas, 195 Community Organization of the Philippines Enterprise Foundation (COPE), 181 Compact Flash (CF) cards, 57-58 Compostela Valley, 91, 94 Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law, 150 See also R.A. 6657 Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program, 150 See also R.A. 9700 Conceptualization, measurement and aggregation, framework for analysis of data, 22 Congress, 97, 111-115, 126, 190 'power over the purse' (budgeting process), 126, 190 Congress for People's Agrarian Reform (CPAR), 153 Congressional committee positions, 68 Congressional district(s), 67 ruled by a single political family (1987-2010), 67 low in human development indicators (HDI), 67 Congressional elections (1951), 48, 65, 67 Congressional initiative allocations, 68 Congressional positions, 61-62 Congressional representatives, 61, 68 Consolidated democracy, 102 definition of, 105 transition of an authoritarian regime into a, 104 “Constitutional authoritarianism,” 97 Constitutional change, 150 Constitutional Commission (1986), 108, 111, 125 Constitutional convention, 96 “Constitutional maturity,” 159 Constitutional structure (Philippines), 99 Constitutions, viii Controllability, 106 aspects of accountability, 125, 128 Converse, Nathan, 100 Chasing the Wind: Assessing Philippine Democracy COPE See Community Organization of the Philippines Enterprise Foundation Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR), 63, 70, 87 Corpuz, O. D., 48 Corruption, vi, vii, 101, 129, 194 Coups d'état, 26, 98 Court of Appeals, 33 CPAR See Congress for People's Agrarian Reform CPM See Change Politics Movement Criminal prosecution, 10 Cronies, 97 Cruz, Isagani, Associate Justice, 109 CSOs See Civil Society Organizations Cullinane, Michael, 59, 88 “Culture of impunity,” 23, 28, 196 “Cyberspace,” 149 D Dagdag-bawas See Shaving DAP See Development Academy of the Philippines Davao del Norte, 166 Davao del Sur, 65 Davao Oriental, 62, 65, 67 David, Karina Constantino, 151 DBM See Department of Budget and Management De Costo, Severa B., 72-73, 88 De la Torre, Edicio, 151 De Venecia, Jose, Speaker, 121 Decentralization, v-vi, 165, 172 expected results, 161 law on, 163 “magic ingredient” for democratization, 192 three initial positive developments, 193 Decentralization, three major problems/restrictions, 167, 193 organizational, 167, 170-171, 193 statutory, 167-170, 193 systemic, 167, 171-172, 193 Decree, 102, 109