The Curious Cases of Philippine Civil Society and Decentralization 147 Beyond membership in CSOs, another indicator that qualifies the vibrancy of civil society is the extent of volunteerism. The National Statistics Coordination Board (NSCB) engaged in what the proponents defined as a “heroic” effort in estimating volunteerism (Virola 2010) in the Philippines. The study revealed that the total value of volunteer work reached P44.5 billion (.6 of GDP) in 2009 compared to P20.1 billion (also .6% of GDP) in 2000. The NCSB study, however, cites the limitations of estimating the number and value of volunteers, most importantly the need to coordinate among the government and private agencies on how best to share available information based on agreed upon measures of volunteerism (Cariño 2001). Social forces and civil society map The Philippine Civil Society Index (2011) provided two maps that skeletally show the range of social forces in the Philippines (See Figure 3a. Philippine Social Forces Map) and the breadth of civil society groups (See Figure 3b. Civil Society Map) Figure 3.a Philippine Social Forces Map REPRESENTATIVES Moro Islamic Moro National )