families who chose marriage to pursue a better life – unintentionally leads to human trafficking and modern-day slavery. The supply process of migrants to satisfy the needs in the country of destination which are based on the patriarch and sexist demand for female sex and labor, causes initial damage from human trafficking in the process of moving from the country of origin to the country of destination, and at the same time contributes to the secondary damage from human trafficking caused by the demand side of the country of destination. Even worse some experience another round of damage in the process of pleading the earlier damages from trafficking. The damages from human trafficking occur in many folds. Therefore, to addressthe demand for feminized sector among various types of human trafficking, namely commercial sex servitude, modern day slavery forms of bride trade and involuntary domestic work, various measures should be implemented in a comprehensive manner: initially prosecution on organized crime of intermediation that happens at ‘the job placement centers’ and ‘marriage agencies’ in the migration process; and secondarily punishment of the demand side (called as the consumers, buyers, owners etc.). Another social task of a larger scale remains of improved social awareness of migrants and legal protection in the country of destination. In many Asian countries, when establishing policies to prevent human trafficking especially trafficking aiming at exploiting sex of children and female and modern day slavery forms of international marriage, demand side has never been analyzed as an important aspect of prevention. Therefore, there is a strong and urgent need to establish a new preventative measure focusing on preventing demand of human trafficking and slavery nature by concentrating on the issue of the country where there is a need for migrants and the issue of the individual demand. Take sexual human trafficking for example. Human trafficking in Asia has developed in such different forms as commercial prostitution where children and women are sexually exploited, as international marriage, and as sex tour. Especially, as the sex industry account for an important portion in many Asian countries’GDP, and as the society in general has tolerated prostitution for men, both international and domestic human trafficking occurred very often. Therefore as prostitution, which was considered illegal by the law without any practical punishment domestically, becomes human trafficking when the act happens over the national borders, confusion ensued where prostitution within the country is allowed, and prostitution overseas is punished. The policy to prevent and reduce international human trafficking without addressing the demand for prostitution domestically is doomed for a failure as it will not achieve the desired outcome but only prolong the status quo. In the Cooperation Measures to Prevent Human Trafficking: Demand Oriented Approach ❙ 99

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