- - - - - - - inter departmental integration of the issue, implementation of National Action Plans and working groups with broad representation of relevant government agencies, and international and national organizations. Training programs should be strengthened for national asylum authorities and organizations working with victims of trafficking, including in regard to interpreting the refugee definition in an age‐ and gender‐sensitive manner, and the criteria that give rise to the recognition of refugee or other protection status to trafficking victims (or needs of individuals at risk of being trafficked). Indicators of international protection for victims of trafficking should also be included. All necessary measures should be adopted to ensure participation of governmental institutions, including national asylum authorities, international organizations and civil society organizations where appropriate, in the general assessment of protection needs of trafficking victims. This can help determine, from a technical and humanitarian perspective, which protection measure is most suitable for each individual case and ensure appropriate referral mechanisms are in place where parallel protection regimes exist. Modules on International Refugee Law should be included in national professional training programs on human trafficking for relevant national authorities (migration, police, prosecutors, judges, etc.) to ensure that international protection needs are identified and addressed appropriately, including the principle of non‐refoulement and non‐penalization of refugees. Specific safeguards for the protection of boy and girl victims of trafficking should be established including: (a) a formal determination of the best interest of the child; (b) the adoption of child‐specific protection measures, such as the appointment of guardians; (c) the gathering of information on the role parents might have played in the trafficking situation of their children; (d) issues of tracing and family reunification, and (e) the observance of specific safeguards in cases of the repatriation of unaccompanied or separated children. Questions on pre‐trafficking displacement patterns should be included in data collection and research initiatives in order to identify priority interventions in countries of displacement. Such interventions could include information campaigns, legal migration counseling and return assistance. Protection should be available for persons displaced, including in countries of origin and transit, through projects to build protection capacities and the strategic use of resettlement. This is important, considering that persons already displaced may be at increased risk of becoming victims of trafficking when, for instance, livelihoods are disrupted, or if basic needs and human rights are unmet. The number of refugee resettlement places available for victims of trafficking should 62 ❙ Seoul International Conference Against Human Trafficking in Migrant Women