As rightly observed by Kalayaan, a charity dedicated to helping migrant domestic workers in the UK –“the power that employers can wield over vulnerable individuals is akin to bonded labour and leads to human trafficking.” On 17 March 2010, an adjournment debate on the “visa rights of migrant domestic workers” was held in the House of Commons, United Kingdom. This debate was tabled by Martin Salter MP and Anthony Steen MP, who explained that the current system where domestic workers who come with diplomats cannot change their employer without losing their immigration status and facing deportation is effectively bonded labour. I cannot but agree with this assertion. The current system must be changed and governments must provide safe migration for female migrant workers devoid of exploitation and gender biases. First of all we need credible data to determine the magnitude of the problem, and its pattern and manifestation in order to design appropriate and effective response. Some countries have enacted anti‐trafficking legislations or forced labour, slavery or servitude laws to deal with the problem. However, large number are yet to take action despite being State Parties to the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and punish Trafficking in Persons as well as the Convention on the Human Rights of Migrant Workers and their Families. Undoubtedly we need legislations at national level to tackle the large scale trafficking of female migrant workers into forced prostitution, forced labour and domestic servitude. We need to prosecute and punish persons responsible and ensure that even where the female migrant worker has not been trafficked but, however, held in a situation of forced labour that she can obtain justice including compensation for human rights violations and economic loss suffered thereto and importantly that the employer will be held criminally liable. Ⅳ. Root Causes of TIP especially women: 1. The root causes of trafficking include growing poverty, youth unemployment and gender inequalities, discrimination, gender based violence, especially of women and girls including the prevailing cultural and social frameworks all work to increase women’s vulnerability to trafficking. 2. As I observed in my recent report to the United Nations General Assembly: “The current world economic crisis has further exacerbated the desperation and the quest for human security, survival and development. Trafficking for labour exploitation is more likely to escalate particularly during this global economic crisis and increasing poverty caused by massive unemployment and employer’s tendencies to use cheap labour in order to cut costs and maximize profits. In order to tackle this States should organize trainings particularly for labour inspectors to understand the interface between migration and trafficking and to enhance mechanism for identification of trafficked 10 ❙ Seoul International Conference Against Human Trafficking in Migrant Women