Lack of understanding of employment relationship status......................................................................... 59 Self-employed contractors are undervalued................................................................................................... 59 Employers make empty promises...................................................................................................................... 60 Self-employed contractors lack protections.................................................................................................... 60 A manufacturing worker’s story.......................................................................................................................... 61 Being undervalued in the workplace..................................................................................................................... 62 Devaluing of Pacific peoples’ cultural skills and knowledge......................................................................... 62 Pacific linguistic and cultural capability............................................................................................................. 62 Pacific social skills and values.............................................................................................................................. 63 Hard work and knowing one’s own worth........................................................................................................ 64 Family, community and voluntary service........................................................................................................ 65 Essential workers.................................................................................................................................................... 66 Undervaluing of Pacific peoples’ talent, labour and work experience.......................................................... 67 Lack of remuneration for higher duties............................................................................................................ 67 No remuneration for providing additional work............................................................................................. 68 Insecurity of employment......................................................................................................................................... 69 A healthcare worker’s story.................................................................................................................................. 70 Experiences of interpersonal racism..................................................................................................................... 71 Low expectations generated by stereotypes.................................................................................................. 71 Available data supports these experiences..................................................................................................... 72 Institutional racism in the workplace..................................................................................................................... 73 Experiences of intersectional discrimination...................................................................................................... 76 Discrimination due to gender and ethnicity.................................................................................................... 76 Discrimination due to ethnicity and sexual orientation or gender identity............................................. 76 Discrimination due to ethnicity and disability................................................................................................. 77 Experiences of raising a concern in the workplace........................................................................................... 79 Pacific workers actively raise their concerns................................................................................................... 79 Employers do not listen when concerns are raised...................................................................................... 80 Unaddressed concerns impact Pacific workers’ wellbeing.......................................................................... 81 6. What unions told us............................................................................................................................83 Pacific union membership........................................................................................................................................ 84 Union campaigning for pay equity......................................................................................................................... 84 Discrimination for belonging to a union............................................................................................................... 85 7. Employers’ perspectives on the Pacific Pay Gap..............................................................................87 Monitoring the Pacific Pay Gap............................................................................................................................... 88 Drivers of the Pacific Pay Gap.................................................................................................................................. 89 The importance of collective agreements............................................................................................................ 90 Lack of diversity in applicants for senior roles.................................................................................................... 91 Perspectives on Pacific workers feeling undervalued....................................................................................... 92 Occupational segregation........................................................................................................................................ 93 Voices of Pacific peoples 3