Welfare: This is the first phase of empowerment of women. Here attention is paid in regard to fulfilling the basic
needs (food, housing and clothing) of females. The structural problems which affect in a more disadvantageous
manner in fulfilling these basic needs are considered at this level. Women merely become beneficiaries of development at this level. The living condition of women, who had received less nutrition, less education, less property and
less income for a long period of time, without obtaining aforesaid benefits, will be brought to a better position
through the provision of certain benefits at this level. It is essential to formulate relevant laws, policies and allocate
resources for it.
Approach: One of the main reasons for the dissimilarity in the social status and living condition of men and
women is the disproportionate opportunities, resources, freedom and rights received by them. For example if the
woman is not provided the opportunity of receiving formal education she will be relegated to a lower level or a
secondary level. In every sector such as social, economic, political and emotional sectors that the male who
received that education. Hence the ability of entering each sector by having opportunities, resources, freedom and
rights is considered at this level. That level which enables women to achieve a meaningful development in their
lives especially to obtain resources will be helpful in bringing equal statues to both men and women. For example
women are empowered if they are provided property, jobs, income and loan facilities in an equal manner as men.
Women understand at this level, that a gap has been created in gender due to these unequal approaches and it has
become an obstacle for the development of their living condition.
Conscientisation: This is the decisive period of empowerment. It is understood at this level that even though there
are some biological changes between men and women, the tasks assigned to females, their characteristics,
behaviour patterns, traditional language usages and even clothes have been created by the society not by nature. It
should be precisely understood here that men and women have fallen to this disproportionate level due to the
differences in institutions from family to the state. It is understood here that women themselves contribute to create
these disproportionate situations for men and women in institutions such as family, school, religious places, media
and government and it is an obstacle for the development of the lives of women.
Participation: Participation of women in taking decisions related to the needs of women and development is
expected at this level. Since ancient times, women did not possess the right of taking most important decisions
which were related to their lives. Women should essentially have the opportunity of taking decisions in fulfilling
the need of their lives and their children and solving the problems related to them. Hence, women should an equal
representation as men in every decision making level in every institution from family to the state. For that women
should get organized themselves strongly as a team.
Control: The last level of wining gender based quality and women's empowerment is control. The power enjoyed
by men in every institution in the distribution of resources, decision making, and representation is given to both
men and women at this level. Due to that reason the woman does not undergo the control or authority of the man
within the family or any other institution. An equality or power balance is built between men and women. Women
also make an equal contribution as men in all activities in the society especially in development activities and it is
given a social recognition.
Source: United Nations Children’s Fund(1993)
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