different generations in different ways. Young Pacific workers may have not yet developed the skills or confidence to negotiate new work environments.192 Some managers lack awareness of how to support young Pacific workers, and negative experiences of young Pacific workers can reinforce that being ‘different’ can be risky so they are unlikely to speak out or up to management.193 Simultaneously, young Pacific workers have reported feeling the racism of low expectations.194 5.1.3 Pacific peoples’ experiences with complaints processes Institutional habit means that workplace complaint processes can reflect the foundations upon which a company was built instead of the more diverse workforce it might currently have.195 The literature suggests that this means that Pacific workers may not use the established complaint procedures in their workplaces because of differing experiences with hierarchies, often due to dissimilarity between their own values and the company’s habits.196 Complaining can also be seen as challenging elders, which is considered unacceptable behaviour within some Pacific contexts.197 5.1.4 General workplace communication issues for Pacific peoples Communication and language barriers are seen as key barriers to Pacific workers’ job progression. Failure to address barriers in communication may result in Pacific peoples’ hesitation to share ideas or innovations or report disagreements.198 Language is also cited as a reason for the lack of Pacific workers’ progression through the workforce, with Pacific workers reporting they would often see their managers frustrated that their instructions had not been understood.199 Simultaneously, employees with 192 Auckland Co-design Lab, The Attitude Gap Challenge, 89. 193 Auckland Co-design Lab, The Attitude Gap Challenge, 96. 194 New Zealand Human Rights Commission, Talanoa, 14. 195 Ahmed, On Being Included, 40. 196 Auckland Co-design Lab, The Attitude Gap Challenge, 37; Feilo, “Talanoa,” 67-69; Chen, National Culture and its Impact, 42. 197 Auckland Co-design Lab, The Attitude Gap Challenge, 37; Feilo, “Talanoa,” 60. 198 Auckland Co-design Lab, The Attitude Gap Challenge, 37; Feilo, “Talanoa,” 64-65. 199 Feilo, “Talanoa,” 53. Pacific Pay Gap Inquiry Literature Review 29

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