the ‘Dawn Raids’ to arrest, detain and deport those whose visas had expired.52 The task force also carried out random stop checks in public, instructing those who appeared to be of Pacific or Māori descent to provide evidence they were not overstaying on a visa.53 The election of the National Government in 1975 would see the Dawn Raids intensify, following an anti-Pacific campaign that blamed Pacific migrants for the country’s socioeconomic troubles, including one advertisement depicting a Pacific migrant as a tiger violently attacking a Pākehā New Zealander.54 Contrary to the Government’s claims at the time, it was subsequently revealed that the majority of overstayers in New Zealand were not Pacific peoples. While Pacific peoples had constituted only one-third of all overstayers, 86 percent of those prosecuted in this period were Pacific peoples compared to those from the United States (US) and United Kingdom (UK) who constituted 31 percent of overstayers but only 5 percent of those prosecuted.55 Recently, a formal Government apology was issued for the Dawn Raids, which included $2.1 million in scholarships, $1 million in Manaaki New Zealand short-term scholarship training courses for delegates from Samoa, Tonga, Tuvalu and Fiji and the creation of resources to teach the history of the Dawn Raids and a commitment to resourcing a comprehensive historical record of the Dawn Raids period. 56 2.7 Pacific peoples’ contribution to New Zealand’s economy today Pacific peoples make a significant contribution to New Zealand’s economy. The Treasury’s 2018 The New Zealand Pacific Economy report shows that Pacific individuals and businesses contribute $8 billion to New Zealand’s gross domestic product in income and that, in 2018, there were approximately 1,500 Pacific business employers and 500 not-for-profit Pacific organisations with assets totalling $8.3 billion that contribute an estimated $3.1 billion annually.57 Pacific peoples also spend 27,000 hours a week doing voluntary work across New Zealand.58 Pacific peoples’ economic contribution to Aotearoa New Zealand could be significantly more if pay gaps and inequitable access to education were addressed. Tamu noted recently that Aotearoa New Zealand still lacks a vision of how Pacific peoples can succeed in skilled work and leadership.59 52 Anae, “All Power to the People,” 227. 53 Ministry for Pacific Peoples, Dawn Raids Apology. 54 Anae, “All Power to the People,” 232. 55 Spoonley, Paul. Racism and Ethnicity: Critical Issues in New Zealand Society. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988, 4. 56 Ardern, Jacinda, and Aupito William Sio. Government Offers Formal Apology for the Dawn Raids. New Zealand Government. August 1, 2021.. https://www.beehive.govt.nz/release/government-offers-formal-apology-dawn-raids. 57 New Zealand Treasury. The New Zealand Pacific Economy, Wellington: New Zealand Treasury, 2018, 1. https://www.beehive. govt.nz/sites/default/files/2018-11/NZ%20Pacific%20Economy%20Report%2013%20November%202018_0.pdf. 58 New Zealand Treasury, The New Zealand Pacific Economy, 1. 59 Maxim Institute. “Leilani Tamu on the ‘Pacific Workforce Challenge’.” Maxim Institute (podcast), December 11, 2019, accessed July 12, 2021. https://www.maxim.org.nz/article/leilani-tamu/. Pacific Pay Gap Inquiry Literature Review 11