emotional abuse (48% of substantiations), neglect (24%), physical abuse (16%) and sexual abuse (12%).86 140. Other data shows that: • thirteen per cent of Australians aged 18 years and over have experienced physical and/or sexual abuse before the age of 1587 • between 4% to 12% of girls and 1.4% to 7.5% of boys have experienced penetrative sexual abuse before the age of 16, and between 14% to 26.8% of girls and 5.2% to 12% of boys have experienced nonpenetrative sexual abuse88 • family violence resulted in 238 cases of filicide (children killed by their parent) between 2002–201289 • almost 896,700 men and 1.2 million women have witnessed violence against their mother, and 380,000 men and 440,900 women witnessed violence against their father before the age of 15. 90 141. Girls and young women are at heightened risk of physical and sexual abuse. Those aged 15–19 years have the highest rates of reported sexual abuse of any age and sex group, followed by girls aged 10–14 years.91 An increasing number of girls aged 15–17 years are victims of violence perpetrated by their partners.92 142. Children with disability are around three times more at risk of sexual abuse than children in the overall population, and are also more likely than other children to have experienced repeated incidents of sexual abuse by the time they are 18 years old.93 They are also disproportionately vulnerable to maltreatment in institutions.94 143. Other groups of children, such as those from CALD backgrounds, LGBTI children, and children living in remote areas of Australia may also be disproportionately affected, but data for these children is limited or nonexistent.95 There is also little information on the extent of sibling violence against children.96 144. The NCC has highlighted the need for national, disaggregated data on children’s experiences of family and domestic violence.97 She welcomed the development of a National Data Collection and Reporting Framework as part of the Second Action Plan in the National Plan to Reduce Violence against Women and their Children, but identified a number of gaps in national data, including limited data on age and vulnerable groups of 25

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