Asia Pacific Forum of National Human Rights Institutions 46. Implement recommendations of the APF-UNDP Programme of Action and Support and participate in other APF programs and activities concerning human rights in relation to SOGISC. 47. Share with other NHRIs in other regions, through the Global Alliance of National Human Rights Institutions and directly, the experience of NHRIs in the Asia Pacific in working to promote and protect the human rights of LGBTI people and encourage those other NHRIs to extend their own work on these issues. 4.8. NATIONAL INQUIRIES A national inquiry is a transparent investigation into a systemic human rights problem, where the general public, people directly affected and other experts are invited to participate.49 The human rights situations of LGB, T and I people are usually the result of deeply imbedded cultural, political and social traditions. These long histories of systemic discrimination are ideal for a national inquiry process that combines public education and awareness raising, investigation, evidence, analysis and recommendations. A public inquiry brings considerable attention to an issue and the communities most directly affected. Therefore, it is important to consult closely with relevant NGOs before deciding the timing and scope of any such inquiry. An NHRI must ensure adequate protection for witnesses and others making submissions. If necessary, their names and any identifying information should remain confidential. EXAMPLES The Australian Human Rights Commission commenced its Same-sex: same entitlements inquiry in 2006 and reported in 2007. The inquiry involved discussion papers, research, a blog, consultations, seven formal public hearings, 18 community forums and 680 submissions, before producing its final report and recommendations. In 2008, the Australian parliament enacted laws to implement the Commission’s recommendations, amending 84 discriminatory laws. It was effective because there was comprehensive community consultation using a variety of different methods, in-depth research that created a persuasive evidence base, considered media engagement and a focus on practical areas for reform. Sources: APF SOGISC manual and NHRI participants on the APF/UNDP SOGISC course. The New Zealand Human Rights Commission undertook a Transgender Inquiry in 2006 and 2007, publishing its report in January 2008. The Commission built strong relationships with transgender communities and their allies, documented government agencies’ responses to the issues raised in submissions, and recommended five priority areas where change was needed. Once the Inquiry’s report was released, the Commission implemented a public education programme, working alongside local communities and a touring art exhibition. Two national human rights training meetings were held with transgender people, culminating in dialogues with government officials. While there has been very limited political support for recommended legislative changes, significant progress has been made in changing public attitudes and some policies including simplified processes for amending gender markers on passports and driver licenses, based on self-defined identity. Sources: New Zealand Human Rights Commission (2010), Human Rights in New Zealand 2010, Chapter 19 – rights of sexual and gender minorities; Aotearoa/New Zealand’s SOGII UPR Coalition (2014), Submission to New Zealand’s second Universal Periodic Review. At: www.hrc.co.nz/files/7014/2406/3081/SOGII-Coalition_joint-UPR-submission_New-Zealand_Jan-Feb-2014-withappendices.doc. 24