66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
governing the use of mechanical restraints in nonurgent circumstances when IHMS has not been
available to provide medical guidance on their use’
and endorse the relevant recommendations made
by the Commonwealth Ombudsman with respect
to these issues. See Commonwealth Ombudsman,
Monitoring Commonwealth Places of Detention:
Annual Report of the Commonwealth National
Preventive Mechanism under the Optional Report to
the Convention Against Torture (OPCAT), 1 July 2021
– 30 June 2022, 21 <https://www.ombudsman.
gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0022/290137/
Commonwealth-NPM-Report.pdf>.
See [3.1] Length of detention at 19.
Australian Human Rights Commission, Inspections
of Australia’s immigration detention facilities 2019
(December 2020), Recommendation 21 <https://
humanrights.gov.au/sites/default/files/document/
publication/ahrc_immigration_detention_
inspections_2019_.pdf>.
Examples include Young, P., & Gordon, M.S., ‘Mental
health screening in immigration detention: A fresh
look at Australian government data’ (2016) 24(1)
Australasian Psychiatry, 19; Campbell EJ, Steel EJ,
‘Mental distress and human rights of asylum seekers’
(2015) 14(2) Journal of Public Mental Health, 43; Bull,
M., Schindeler, E., Berkman, D., & Ransley, J. ‘Sickness
in the system of long-term immigration detention’
(2013) 26(1) Journal of Refugee Studies, 47; Newman L,
‘Seeking asylum – trauma, mental health, and human
rights: An Australian perspective’ (2013) 14(2) Journal
of Trauma & Dissociation, 315; Green, J.P., & Eagar,
K., ‘The health of people in Australian immigration
detention centres’ (2010) 192(2) The Medical Journal
of Australia, 65; Coffey GJ, Kaplan I, Sampson
RC, Tucci MM, ‘The meaning and mental health
consequence of long-term immigration detention for
people seeking asylum’ (2010) 70(12) Social Science &
Medicine 2070.
Australian Human Rights Commission, Inspections
of Australia’s immigration detention facilities 2019
(December 2020), 43 <https://humanrights.gov.
au/sites/default/files/document/publication/ahrc_
immigration_detention_inspections_2019_.pdf>.
See, for example, Australian Human Rights
Commission, Inspections of Australia’s immigration
detention facilities 2019 (December 2020), [3.2]
<https://humanrights.gov.au/sites/default/files/
document/publication/ahrc_immigration_detention_
inspections_2019_.pdf>.
Australian Human Rights Commission, Inspections
of Australia’s immigration detention facilities 2019
(December 2020), Recommendations 5 & 6
<https://humanrights.gov.au/sites/default/files/
document/publication/ahrc_immigration_detention_
inspections_2019_.pdf>.
See [5] Post-Release Support at 55.
Commonwealth Ombudsman, Monitoring
Commonwealth Places of Detention: Annual Report of
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
the Commonwealth National Preventive Mechanism
under the Optional Report to the Convention Against
Torture (OPCAT), 1 July 2021 – 30 June 2022, 30
<https://www.ombudsman.gov.au/__data/assets/
pdf_file/0022/290137/Commonwealth-NPM-Report.
pdf>.
The ABF conveyed this information to the
Commission by way of email dated 23 February
2022.
See, for example, Australian Human Rights
Commission, Inspections of Australia’s immigration
detention facilities 2019 report (December 2020),
[3.2(f)] <https://humanrights.gov.au/sites/default/
files/document/publication/ahrc_immigration_
detention_inspections_2019_.pdf>.
Ibid, 48–49.
See [3.1] Length of Detention at 19.
Australian Human Rights Commission, Inspections
of Australia’s immigration detention facilities 2019
report (December 2020), 4 <https://humanrights.gov.
au/sites/default/files/document/publication/ahrc_
immigration_detention_inspections_2019_.pdf>.
Ibid, Recommendation 8.
Department of Home Affairs, Department of Home
Affairs Response to Management of COVID-19 risks
in immigration detention report (2021), 2 <https://
humanrights.gov.au/sites/default/files/homeaffairs_
response_covid-19_immigration_detention_2021_0.
pdf>.
Australian Border Force, Answers to Questions on
Notice, Senate Standing Committee on Legal and
Constitutional Affairs (Additional Estimates, 22 March
2021), AE21-283 <https://www.aph.gov.au/api/qon/
downloadestimatesquestions/EstimatesQuestionCommitteeId6-EstimatesRoundId10-PortfolioId20QuestionNumber283>.
Australian Border Force, Answers to Questions on
Notice, Senate Standing Committee on Legal and
Constitutional Affairs (Budget Estimates, 24–25 May
2021), BE21-201 <https://www.aph.gov.au/api/qon/
downloadestimatesquestions/EstimatesQuestionCommitteeId6-EstimatesRoundId11-PortfolioId20QuestionNumber201>.
Australian Border Force, Answers to Questions on
Notice, Senate Standing Committee on Legal and
Constitutional Affairs (Additional Estimates, 22 March
2021), AE21-283 <https://www.aph.gov.au/api/qon/
downloadestimatesquestions/EstimatesQuestionCommitteeId6-EstimatesRoundId10-PortfolioId20QuestionNumber283>.
Australian Border Force, Answers to Questions on
Notice, Senate Standing Committee on Legal and
Constitutional Affairs (Budget Estimates, 24–15 May
2021), BE21-198 <https://www.aph.gov.au/api/qon/
downloadestimatesquestions/EstimatesQuestionCommitteeId6-EstimatesRoundId11-PortfolioId20QuestionNumber198>.
Australian Human Rights Commission, Management
of COVID-19 risks in immigration detention (Report,
The Use of Hotels as Alternative Places of Detention (APODs) • 2023 • 65