Maranga Mai! Giving full effect to self-determination would empower Indigenous peoples to shape their economic, political, social and cultural destinies. Settler governments oppose this because they fear losing white control and privilege: White people and structures will not oppose racism if it means giving back land and supporting constitutional reform. When you consider the economic implications, at global, national, and regional levels, of reckoning with the colonial project and its injustice, the implications are huge. Pākehā fear a true reckoning would destabilise our economy at a global level (Ngata, 2021). Modern settler states such as Aotearoa see the fundamental right of self-determination as a threat to their existence, control, and hegemony because equality would mean power-sharing and a shift in the wealth and resources of the nation (Halkyard-Harawira, 2021). 34 “Colonisation imposed abusive, exploitative, racist power relations on society that saw steady gains for Pākehā and disastrous losses for tangata whenua” (Moewaka Barnes and McCreanor, 2019, p. 21). White supremacy lay at the heart of colonisation and was explicit in the “Anglo-Saxon belief that theirs was a race born to rule and tangata whenua was a race which required that rule” (Ballara, 1986, p. 111; Reid and Robson, 2007, p. 4). Colonisation undermined the self-determination of tangata whenua for the benefit of settler prosperity.