31 Presidential assent 48.—(1) When a Bill has been passed by Parliament, the Speaker must present it to the President for assent. (2) Within 7 days after receipt of a Bill, the President must provide his or her assent. (3) If the President does not assent to a Bill within the period set out in subsection (2), the Bill will be taken to have been assented to on the expiry of that period. Coming into force of laws 49.—(1) Within 7 days after a Bill has been assented to, the Attorney-General must publish the Bill in the Gazette as an Act of Parliament. (2) An Act of Parliament comes into force— (a) on a date determined by or in accordance with the Act; or (b) on the 7th day after its publication in the Gazette, if the Act does not determine a date or does not provide for a date to be determined. Regulations and similar laws 50.—(1) No person may make regulations or issue any other instrument having the force of law, except as expressly authorised by this Constitution or a written law. (2) A person making any regulations or issuing any instrument having the force of law must, so far as practicable, provide reasonable opportunity for public participation in the development and review of the law before it is made. Parliamentary authority over international treaties and conventions 51. An international treaty or convention binds the State only after it has been approved by Parliament. Part B—COMPOSITION Members of Parliament 52. The members of Parliament shall be chosen by secret ballot in free and fair elections administered by the Electoral Commission, in accordance with this Constitution and any written law governing elections. Proportional representation system 53.—(1) The election of members of Parliament is by a multi-member open list system of proportional representation, under which each voter has one vote, with each vote being of equal value, in a single national electoral roll comprising all the registered voters.