Section 5: Children’s mental health and wellbeing over the past two years There were differences in how children thought that they were affected, based on their age, gender, and geographical locations. Across age groups, 45% of children aged 16–17, 42% of children aged 14–15, 42% of children aged 12–13, and 39% of children aged 9–11 stated that the pandemic had a negative impact on their wellbeing. These findings are supported by data from the Australian Council for Educational Research (ACER), which found that younger students, on average, have higher levels of optimism, self-confidence and selfefficacy than older students, and that these continue to decrease as students grow older.19 Other research also points to declining mental health and wellbeing as children grow older.20 There were also differences across gender. 54% of children identifying as non-binary or other, 46% of girls, and 43% of boys stated ‘yes’. This finding is supported by the Mission Australia Youth Survey in 2021,21 and the study into the mental health of trans and gender diverse children, Trans Pathways, which reported an increased risk of poor mental health and selfharm and suicide attempts.22 Stakeholders in roundtables also noted that they had observed greater impacts on mental health and wellbeing both for gender diverse children and for girls. Small differences were also noted across geographical locations. 46% of children living in a capital city or large regional city, 46% of children living in country towns, and 41% of children living in rural or remote areas reported negative impacts on their mental health and wellbeing. This may be due to the length and severity of lockdowns in cities where there were higher numbers of COVID-19 cases. Figure 9: Children’s survey: I felt like the COVID-19 pandemic had a negative impact on my wellbeing, disaggregated by gender, age and geographic location 68 Identifies as non‑binary/other 20 (54%) 981 756 Boys 93 Living in a rural or remote area (41%) 460 146 (42%) 61 54 (15%) 340 1190 (39%) Aged 9 to 11 Yes 40 | 165 (42%) Aged 12 to 13 No 162 599 (16%) (21%) 607 (20%) I don’t know 27 (12%) 88 (21%) (12%) 516 (22%) (45%) Aged 14 to 15 58 162 176 Aged 16 to 17 (13%) (26%) (21%) (46%) 233 306 49 1238 Living in a capital city or large regional city (13%) (17%) (22%) 344 277 (23%) (26%) (46%) Living in a country area 477 (18%) (43%) (12%) (19%) 379 (46%) Girls 15 24 (16%) 342 (19%) 50 (13%) 36 (13%) 105 (27%) 113 (10%) (32%) 111 (14%) 646 (21%) 188 (23%) 571 (19%) Did not answer question ‘Mental health shapes my life’: COVID-19 & kids’ wellbeing • 2022 | 41

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