Endnotes 1 Te Tūāpapa Kura Kāinga Ministry of Housing and Urban Development, “2018 Severe Housing Deprivation Estimate”, March 2018. https://www.hud.govt.nz/stats-and-insights/2018-severe-housing-deprivation-estimate/. 2 These include the International Bill of Rights (which provides the foundation for all international human rights), the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, and the Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. 3 Te Kāhui Tika Tangata Human Rights Commission, Aratohu tika tangata ki te whai whare rawaka i Aotearoa: Framework Guidelines on the right to a decent home in Aotearoa, August 2021. https://www.hrc.co.nz/files/7416/2784/4778/Framework_Guidelines_on_the_ Right_to_a_Decent_Home_in_Aotearoa_FINAL.pdf, paragraphs 5 to 10. 4 Guideline 3, paragraphs 11 to 15. 5 Guideline 5, paragraphs 20 to 23. For the private sector, see also Section 5. 6 Section 2: Colonisation and Te Tiriti o Waitangi. 7 Parliamentary Business Research papers, “Homelessness in New Zealand”, July 2014. https://www.parliament.nz/en/pb/researchpapers/document/00PLEcoRP14021/homelessness-in-new-zealand. 8 Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet, Report: Emergency and Transitional Housing, November 2021. https://dpmc.govt.nz/ sites/default/files/2022-03/proactive-release-iu-dpmc-2021-22-788-emergency-transitional-housing.pdf. 9 Hon Dr Megan Woods, “Rotorua marks third step in delivery of its Emergency Housing Plan”, Beehive.govt.nz, March 24, 2022. https:// www.beehive.govt.nz/release/rotorua-marks-third-step-delivery-its-emergency-housing-plan. 10 Te Tūāpapa Kura Kāinga Ministry of Housing and Urban Development, “Aotearoa New Zealand Homelessness Action Plan 2020-2023”, February 2020. https://www.hud.govt.nz/our-work/aotearoa-new-zealand-homelessness-action-plan-2020-2023/. 11 Hon Paula Bennett, “Boost for emergency housing begins today”, Beehive.govt.nz, 1 July 2016. https://www.beehive.govt.nz/release/ boost-emergency-housing-begins-today. 12 Ministry of Social Development – housing and support services, “Emergency Housing Special Needs Grant”, msd.govt.nz, https://www. msd.govt.nz/about-msd-and-our-work/work-programmes/social-housing/. 13 In most circumstances, the proportion of accommodation costs paid by MSD through the housing grant does not need to be paid back (it is a ‘non-recoverable’ grant). However, MSD does have the power to determine that a household has unreasonably contributed to their own housing need and therefore must pay back the grant as a deduction from their weekly income. MSD can also decline grants in certain circumstances. 14 Clients must contribute the higher of 25% of the net weekly income of the client and their partner, or 25% of the applicable rate of Jobseeker Support, even if they are not receiving this assistance. See the Guide to Social Development Policy, “Clients must contribute to their emergency housing costs”, workandincome.govt.nz, https://www.workandincome.govt.nz/map/income-support/extra-help/ special-needs-grant/clients-must-contribute-to-their-emergency-housing-costs.html. 15 When the grant was first established clients were not required to contribute towards any accommodation costs. Previous grants had been recoverable (i.e. had to be paid back), and this was highlighted as one of the issues the new housing grant was intended to fix. The then-National Government also highlighted that the emergency housing grant was “the first time any government has committed ongoing, dedicated funding for emergency housing.” (Bennett, “Boost for emergency housing begins today”.) In October 2020 the grant policy settings were changed to extend the period a grant can be granted for, from seven days to 21 days, in certain circumstances, and require emergency housing grant clients to contribute 25% of their income towards the cost of the emergency accommodation. (Work and Income Te Hiranga Tangata, “Changes for people in emergency housing from 19 October”, workandincome.govt.nz, September 14, 2020. https://www.workandincome.govt.nz/about-work-and-income/news/2020/emergency-housing-changes. html#:~:text=How%20much%20you’ll%20pay,you’re%20in%20emergency%20housing.) These changes were initiated by the Labour-New Zealand First Coalition Government. Policy analysis outlined that these changes were required because the number of distinct clients seeking the emergency housing grant, the number of emergency housing grants, and the amount granted each month, had all increased between seven to ten percent from 2018 to 2019, and there needed to be “a stronger focused approach to demand management, including strengthened prevention and support measures.” Analysis also referred to the inequity between clients receiving emergency housing grants, who did not pay any contribution towards housing costs, and those in other forms of supported housing (transitional and public housing) who contribute 25% of their income. (“MSD and HUD, Contingency bid – Emergency Housing Special Needs Grant (EH SNG) Policy Settings”, June 2019. https://www.msd. govt.nz/documents/about-msd-and-our-work/publications-resources/information-releases/emergency-housing-and-transitionalhousing-amendment-2020/contingency-bid-emergency-housing-special-needs-grant-eh-sng-policy-settings.pdf.) 67