Jfflif{s k|ltj]bg cf=j= @)^*÷@)^(
92.
93.
94.
plrt Ifltk"lt{ lbnfO{ kfpF egL ldlt @)^#÷&÷@# ut] cfof]udf ph'/L btf{ x'g cfPsf] b]lvof] .
o;df cfof]usf] cg';Gwfgaf6 lgh ofbjnfO{ df]6/;fO{sn ;lxt ldlt @)^!÷&÷!@ ut]
tt\sflng g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf sfo{stf{ nIfL/fd ofbj, k|df]b v8\sf, k|ltef, u'¿ª y/sf Pshgf
/ hLjg ;lxt % hgfn] tf/ftfn–& rf}/fxaf6 ckx/0f u/L nu]sf]df lghsf] l:ylt ;fj{hlgs
gu/L xfn;Dd a]kQf kf/]sf] b]lvof] . lgh lg/h ofbj elgg] /d]z ofbjsf] xfn;Dd l:ylt c1ft
b]lvFbf lghsf] xsdf cg';Gwfg hf/L /fvL /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u P]g, @)^* sf] bkmf (
adf]lhd kLl8tsf sfg'gadf]lhdsf xsjfnfnfO{ ¿= ! nfv cGtl/d /fxt :j¿k /sd cl3
gkfPsf] eP l;kmfl/z eP adf]lhdsf] /sd pknJw u/fpg g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ l;kmfl/z ug]{
lg0f{o eof]] .
lhNnf alb{of df]ltk'/ uflj; jf8{ g+= & a:g] nId0f lu/Lsf] 5f]/f jif{ @$ sf]] lqe'jg lu/LnfO{
ldlt @)%*÷(÷# ut] afFs]sf] sf]xnk'/af6 k|x/Ln] kqmfp u/L a]kQf kf/]sf] lyof] . ldlt
@)%(÷!÷!( ut] lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no, alb{ofsf] cfb]zfg';f/ lghnfO{ 5fl8Psf] elgPklg
pQm Joxf]/f em'7\f ePsf] / lgh lu/LnfO{ ldlt @)%(÷!÷!( ut] sf/fuf/ zfvf alb{ofaf6 /ftL
!@=)) ah] tTsfnLg zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfn] nu]sfn] 36gfsf] af/]df a'lem plrt Gofo lbnfO{ kfpF
elg ldlt @)^)÷%÷!( ut] cfof]udf ph'/L btf{ ePsf] b]lvof] . o;df cfof]usf] cg';Gwfgaf6
lgh lqe'jg lu/LnfO{ ldlt @)%*÷(÷# ut] y'gfd'Qm u/]sf] elgPtfklg s;sf] /f]xj/df
5f]l8Psf] eGg] hfgsf/L glbO{ lgh lu/LnfO{ ldlt @)%(÷!÷!( ut];Dd alb{of sf/fuf/df /fvL
tt\kZrft lhNNff k|x/L sfof{no, alb{ofdf NofO{ lhNnf k|x/L sfof{noaf6} ;f]xL /ftL lgsfnL
uf8Ldf /fvL nuL a]kQf kf/]sf] eGg] b]lvof] . lgh lqe'jg lu/Lsf] xfn;Dd l:ylt c1ft b]lvFbf
lghsf] xsdf cg';Gwfg hf/L /fvL /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u P]g, @)^* sf] bkmf ( adf]lhd
kLl8tsf sfg'gadf]lhdsf xsjfnfnfO{ ¿= ! nfv cGtl/d /fxt :j¿k /sd cl3 gkfPsf] eP
l;kmfl/z eP adf]lhdsf] /sd pknJw u/fpg g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ l;kmfl/z ug]{ lg0f{o eof]] .
g]kfnu+h, kmfO{n g+= !$^, bfË lhNnf a]nf uflj; bfË b]pv'/L a:g] xl/nfn rf}w/L, lvdaxfb'/
k'g, pbo/fd rf}w/L, ledaxfb'/ rf}w/L, s]bf/gfy rf}w/L, k|]daxfb'/ g]kfnL, wgL/fd rf}w/L,
56saxfb'/ rf}w/LnfO{ ldlt @)%(÷!÷^ ut] ;f]xL lhNnfsf] j]nf uflj; j8f g++= @ s6j]¿jf
a:g] h+lh¿ rf}w/Lsf] 3/sf] 5fgf agfO/x]sf] a]nf ;'/IffsdL{n] uf]nL xfgL xTof u/]sfn] 36gfsf]
5fgjLg u/L bf]ifLnfO{ sf/afxL tyf kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ Ifltk"lt{ pknJw u/fO{ kfpF egL ldlt
@)^)÷!÷@@ ut] cfof]udf ph'/L btf{ x'g cfPsf] b]lvof] . o;df cfof]usf] cg';Gwfgaf6
56saxfb'/ rf}w/LnfO{ ;]gfn] ;f]wk'5 u/L 36gf:ynd} uf]nL xfgL xTof u/L nfz ToxL 5f8]/
uPsf] . To:t} cGo JolQmx¿ !% jlif{o xl/nfn rf}w/L, s]bf/gfy rf}w/L, pbo/fd rf}w/L,
lvdaxfb'/ k'g, ledaxfb'/ rf}w/L, wlg/fd rf}w/L / k|]daxfb'/ g]kfnLnfO{ kqmfp u/L bfË 3f]/fxL
hfg] af6f] nIdLk'/ uflj;sf] d;f}6 vf]nf glhs} a]n'sf sl/j ^–& ah] k|]daxfb'/ g]kfnL afx]s ^
hgfnfO{ uf]nL xfgL xTof u/L nfz ToxL 5f]8]/ uO{ ef]lnkN6 lbpF;f] ;'/IffsdL{x¿ cfO{ sne6sf]
vf8ndf xfnL dflyaf6 9'+ufn] k'/]sf] eGg] k|ToIfbzL{x¿sf] egfO{ /x]sf] kfOof] . k|]daxfb'/
g]kfnLnfO{ tt\sflng g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf sfo{stf{ b]vfpg elg s]xL ;do cfkm\gf] lgoGq0fdf
/fvL kl5 sf/fuf/df /flvPsf]df uf]ljof ufpFdf nuL xTof u/]sf] eGg] b]lvof] . 56snfn
rf}w/LnfO{ ;'/IffsdL{n] cfkm\gf] lgoGq0fdf lng ;Sg] ljBdfg cj:yf x'Fbfx'Fb} uf]nL xfgL u}/Goflos
xTof u/]sf] / cGo JolQmx¿ xl/nfn rf}w/L, s]bf/gfy rf}w/L, pbo/fd rf}w/L, lvdaxfb'/ k'g,
ledaxfb'/ rf}w/L, wlg/fd rf}w/L, k|]daxfb'/ g]kfnLnfO{ cfkm\gf] lgoGq0fdf lnO{;s]sf] JolQmnfO{
sfg'gadf]lhd sf/afxL ug'{sf] ;§f uf]nL xfgL u}/Goflos xTof u/]sfn] lghx¿sf]] afFRg kfpg]
dfgj clwsf/ pNn+3g ePsf] b]lvof] . 36gfdf ;+nUg tt\sflng zfxL g]kfnL ;]gf, a/vu0f,
bfËsf u0fklt / dfg{df ;xof]u ug]{ cGo ;'/IffsdL{sf] klxrfg u/L d'n'sL P]g Hofg;DaGwL
dxnadf]lhd sfg'gL sfjf{xL ug{ tyf pNn]lvt d[tsx¿sf sfg'gadf]lhdsf xsjfnfnfO{ /fli6«o
dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u P]g, @)^* sf] bkmf !^-#_ adf]lhd hgxL ¿= tLg nfv Ifltk"lt{ /sd
dWo] Ifltk"lt{ jfkt /sd kfPsf] eP ;f] s§f u/L / cl3 Ifltk"lt{ /sd gkfPsf] eP l;kmfl/z
eP adf]lhdsf] /sd pknJw u/fpg g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ l;kmfl/; ug]{ lg0f{o eof] .
lhNnf 8]p8fsnf ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt jf8{ g++= ( ssf}/f a:g] pQds'df/ yf¿ / k|]daxfb'/
yf¿nfO{ ldlt @)^!÷!@÷# ut] /ftL g]skf dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{x¿n] 3/}af6 ckx/0f u/L nuL
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