Baseline Study an the Philippine Penal Conditions: Nurturing a Human Rights Based Approach to Penal Management .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................• Inmates w ith communicable diseases must be segregated from the general inmate population to avoid contamination and spread of diseases. In each of the housing levels, general population inmates can be grouped together in dormitories, w ings within dormitories, or cells w ithin wings, w here they can be part of dormitory, wing or cellbased programs. This setup is in recognition of the communitarian (damayan and bayanihan) nature of Filipino inmates where they tend to creat e small communities. Additionally, inmate housing must consider the safe custody of the inmates. Al l correctiona l facilities must develop a protocol for emergencies and natural calamities and prepare inmates and staff on what to do o n those situations. There must also be a protocol on riots and other disturbances. Housing discipline procedures must be properly delineated. Inmates must be properly informed on the dos and don'ts of the facility. Contrabands must be properly listed and identified and protocol on searching must be properly spelled out. Custodial officers must have a proper and continuous training on security provisions. They must be courteous and respectful at all times. A protocol on the use of force must be developed and observed. In recognition of the indigenous Filipino culture of damayan, bayanihan and respect to authority, the facilities must develop policies o n utilization of inmate leadership in shared governance of the cells and brigades. As had been documented, the inmate leadership structure has developmental aspects. Inmate leaders, chosen based on certain criteri a, can serve as "peer mentors" and "facilitators." The inmate leaders can be tapped to co-implement educational, religious, and sports program s. Additionally, given the perennial lack of resources, it may be prudent for facilities to formally allow the entry of inmate resources, w hich is the current informal practice. However, the facilities must develop well stated policies on the use of inmate persona l resources, like number of personal belongings (for example. electric fans, radio and 1V sets). and the amount of cash that an inmate can maintain. i. CHECKLIST Determining compliance to a Human Rights Based Approach to Inmate Housing • The facility provides sufficient, food, water, medicines, clothing, toiletries for the inmates • The facility provides well maintained cells w ith sufficient beddings, . proper humidity, ventilatio n and lighting • The facility provides areas for bathing, sufficient number of toilets, Kitchen, and mess hall. hospital/clinic • The facility separates women, young, non-convicted inmates from men, old and convict ed inmates • The facility has a special housing for inmates w ith infectious diseases • The facility is sensitive to the special needs of PW Ds • The facility has sufficient space for family and conjugal visitations • The facility has sufficient custodial, medical and dental officers • The facility has sufficient equipment for security • T he facility has a protocol on contrabands, riots and emergencies, inmate discipline, use of force, inmate movement and inmate privileges • The facility has a protocol on the use of inmate leadership • The facility has a protocol on use of inmate resources Yes/No Yes/No Yes/No Yes/No Yes/ No Yes/ No Yes/ No Yes/ No Yes/No Yes/ N o Yes/ N o Yes/No 27