Baseline Study on the Philippine Penal Conditions: Nurturing a Human Rights Based Approach to Penal Management ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ Additionally, assignment to the Detention Centers is considered by some employees as a form of punishment, as most personnel with pending administrative charges are temporarily assigned in the Detention Centers and return to their original units only when cleared. The insufficiency of quality personnel is compounded by the lack of resources. The BuCor and the BJMP provides food budget of Php 50.00 per day per inmate, which by most accounts. is not sufficient to meet the needed daily calories. The NB!, PDEA, Bl, and the AFP provide a little bit more at Php 60.00 per day per inmate, but given the smaller number of inmates, the economies of scale is not maximized and thus, falls short as well. The most challenging is the PN P situation which does not have food allocation for inmates. Police Detention Unit officers have to find ways to personally provide food for the inmates they arrested. 18 There is wide variation among Provincial Jails in food provisions, with some Provincial Jails allotting as much as Php 65.00 and some Provincial Jails allotting only Php 35.00. Again, this situation depends on the level of support provided by the provincial governments. In terms of other needs, the BuCor and the BJMP allot a Php 5 per day per inmate for medicines but the rest of the agencies do not have medical provisions. The BuCor and the BJMP also allot for each inmate two shirts, one serving of toiletries (toothpaste, brush and soaps) and beddings (blankets, pillows, mosquito nets), though the availability of these materials vary from year to year. Other agencies do not have these provisions. As such, in almost all penal facilities, inmates rely on family members. visitors, and volunteers for food, clothing, medicines, toiletries. and other basic needs. The BuCor. the BJMP, and the Provincial Jails also struggle in providing rehabilitation services to inmates. While the BuCor facilities have sufficient spaces to conduct inmate programming. there are limited quality personnel and operational resources to implement programs. The BJMP, on the other hand, have better equipped personnel but do not have functional spaces to implement the programs. Most provincial jails are hampered by limitations of space, personnel and resources, except for provincial jails whose provincial governments have invested resources for their upgrades. c. Coping Mechanisms The insufficiency of faciliti es and space, personnel , and operational resources that uniformly characterize the different penal settings induces the creation of informal organizational coping mechanisms that are practiced, in more or less degree, by most penal facilities. For example, the lack of cell facilities and space induces the formation of tarima (beds), or kubol (cubicle) where penal staff informally allow inmates to maximize spaces by constructing makesh ift partitions inside the cells. Though the sizes of the tarima and kubol vary in relation to the inmate population size and geographic area, almost all penal facilities display the inmates' efforts to privatize and commercialize the penal space. For example, a few inmates in the Maximum Security Compound of the NBP had been discovered to have constructed hotel-type prison cells with matching Jacuzzis, showers, and hot tubs. Inmates who own these facilities consider it as their private property which can be sold, rented, or loaned to other inmates. Though the N BP example is an extreme outlier, a smaller scale version of thi s practice is mimicked by the PNP and NB! Detention Centers, BJMP and Provincial Jails, and other BuCor Prisons. 18 The Commission on Human Rights recently released a Human Rights Advisory CHR A2015-005 entitled · on the Right to Adequate Food of PNP Detainees" imploring the Philippine government to allocate food for the PNP deta ined inmates. lS