Aotearoa – Māori Health Authority The Waitangi Tribunal has highlighted systemic racism in the health system and the consistent failure to address inequitable health and wellbeing outcomes for Māori.64 In 2021, the Ministry of Health announced the introduction of a new Māori Health Authority, which will be responsible for ensuring the health system is performing for Māori. Associate Minister Peeni Henare said the Authority “will give Māori a voice and influence in how our system needs to perform better for Māori.”65 The Authority will sit within the Ministry of Health. It will work with Iwi-Māori Partnership Boards, Māori health providers, iwi, hapū and Māori communities to understand Māori health needs across Aotearoa, and will commission services in partnership with Health NZ. In each locality, partnerships between Iwi-Māori Partnership Boards, Health NZ and the wider community will ensure Māori voices are heard.66 The Bill, which is expected to be enacted in 2022, includes specific reference to engaging with and reporting to Māori: Section 20 Engaging with and reporting to Māori (1) The Māori Health Authority must— (a) have systems in place for the purpose of— (i) engaging with Māori in relation to their aspirations and needs for the health system; and (ii) enabling the responses from that engagement to inform the performance of its functions; and (b) engage with relevant Māori organisations when— (i) jointly developing the New Zealand Health Plan with Health New Zealand; and (ii) advising on the GPS and any health strategy; and (iii) preparing its statement of intent and statement of performance expectations; and (c) report back to Māori from time to time on how engagement under this section has informed the performance of its functions.67 The Bill’s participatory element is positive. This kind of participatory approach could serve as an example for the housing system. The proposed new Authority provides a positive example of Te Tiriti o Waitangi accountabilities, demonstrating how a Crown-Māori partnership could operate in the kāwanatanga sphere. Scotland – social security and housing Social security The Scottish Government is creating a new social security system for Scotland. It has set up a new agency, Social Security Scotland, to deliver benefits in a more positive and supportive way. The relevant legislation is the Social Security (Scotland) Act 2018.68 As the Bill progressed through Parliament, its rights-based approach attracted strong cross-party support. Section 1 of the Act sets out eight principles which are the foundational values of the new system. The Scottish social security principles are: (a) social security is an investment in the people of Scotland, (b) social security is itself a human right and essential to the realisation of other human rights, (c) the delivery of social security is a public service, (d) respect for the dignity of individuals is to be at the heart of the Scottish social security system, 35