intended to live well beyond any political changes. Critically, there are specific provisions for ongoing monitoring and evaluation, and formal review every three years.9 MAIHI Ka Ora is more action-oriented than GPS-HUD. It adopts an approach with three key elements: respond, review, and reset. We strongly recommend that consideration is given to extending this approach to GPS-HUD. MAIHI Ka Ora indicates that the percentage of Pacific peoples living in a warm dry home has dropped from 45% in 2017/18 to 41% in 2018/19. In these circumstances, we would expect GPS-HUD to devote more attention to improving the housing conditions for Pacific Peoples, and we recommend this is remedied in future implementation plans. In a section headed “Implementing the GPS”, the Government Policy Statement says the Ministry of Housing and Urban Development: • is responsible for monitoring, regulation, and oversight of the housing system10 and “tracking progress” is key,11 • will report on the GPS vision every three years,12 • will report on the GPS implementation and impact every year.13 In its section headed “Implementation and accountability” (note the inclusion of the word “accountability”), MAIHI Ka Ora says it will be reviewed every three years.14 Crucially, it adds: A detailed implementation programme and monitoring framework will be developed with reports on progress provided to MAIHI Whare Wānanga who are required to provide an annual update to Cabinet.15 10 housing sector and Crown Officials to oversee the delivery of the MAIHI Framework for Action, including MAIHI Ka Ora.16 Like MAIHI Ka Ora, we link implementation and accountability because effective implementation requires constructive accountability. Conclusion We welcome the Government’s commitment in GPS-HUD “to understand what would be required to strengthen alignment with the right to a decent home in our Aotearoa New Zealand context.”17 As we look at the GPS-HUD and MAIHI Ka Ora through the lens provided by the Guidelines, several issues stand out. We focus on two of them in this report. Both GPS-HUD and MAIHI Ka Ora will benefit from being reinforced and supported by: • effective and accessible mechanisms of constructive accountability, • informed, inclusive, meaningful, public participation and engagement. These twin features are required by, and will help give full effect to, the right to a decent home. They are not the only features required to support a housing strategy; other features include adequate resourcing and delivery. However, these two features are particularly relevant given the underdevelopment of both accountability and democratic participation in the Aotearoa housing system. Essentially, MAIHI Whare Wānanga is a co- This report gives particular attention to these human rights issues in the kāwanatanga sphere. We look forward to reviewing the implementation of GPS-HUD and MAIHI Ka Ora and the progressive governance hui between Māori and government, bringing together representatives from the Māori realisation of the right to a decent home grounded on Te Tiriti o Waitangi. Human Rights Commission