2.2 Strategy and Planning What is strategic and operational planning for NPMs? A strategic plan outlines the desired changes for NPMs over several years, addressing the question: “Where do we want to go?” In contrast, an operational plan details specific yearly activities to achieve these strategies, asking: “What are we going to do to get there?” Both plans are part of an NPM’s “theory of change,” connecting daily activities with long-term goals. Why is planning important for NPMs? Strategic planning helps NPMs focus their broad mandates by setting priorities, making choices, and optimising resources. New NPMs may initially focus on internal development, such as building institutional capacity, before addressing broader goals. Planning ensures the team understands their roles and objectives, strengthens internal agreement, and communicates goals to stakeholders. It also helps define budgets and necessary resources. Who should be involved in NPM planning processes? Planning should be inclusive, involving the entire NPM team and possibly external advisors. Final decisions should rest with NPM leadership. For NPMs within larger institutions, plans should align with overall institutional objectives. In cases with multiple bodies, a unified strategic plan can maximise resources and cohesion. External consultants may assist, but the NPM team must own the plan for successful implementation. Regular internal communication is crucial. Key elements of a strategic plan: • Mission and vision of the NPM. • Guiding principles and values. • Mandate as per OPCAT and legal basis. • Strategic objectives based on risk analysis and identified issues, with justification for chosen focus areas. Key elements of an operational plan: • Planned activities for the year, linked to strategic goals, including visits, reports, training, and dialogue. • Task division and responsibilities. • Timelines and milestones. • Monitoring and evaluation with key indicators. • Budget, with flexibility for unexpected events. How to develop a strategic plan: 1. Internal Analysis: Assess capacity and gaps. 2. Risk and Needs Analysis: Identify key risks and root causes. 3. Define Objectives: Set realistic goals based on mandate and resources. 4. Engage Stakeholders: Consult civil society and oversight institutions. 8 NPM Toolkit for Asia Pacific NPM-NHRIs