Case Study In Country Z, the CRPD review highlighted the treatment of patients in psychiatric hospitals. The committee highlighted in particular, the case of M, a woman with schizophrenia, who was admitted involuntarily and subjected to electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and other invasive treatments without adequate explanation or her agreement. M’s case revealed that she, along with many other patients, was not informed about the nature of her treatment options, the potential risks, or alternatives. The hospital lacked proper consent protocols, and patients’ autonomy was routinely disregarded. Many patients were subjected to treatments against their will, reflecting a broader issue within the mental health care system. The Committee noted that existing mental health laws were outdated and did not adequately protect patients’ rights. There were no clear guidelines on obtaining informed consent for treatment, and the oversight mechanisms were weak. The lack of patientcentered care and respect for patient autonomy was pervasive, necessitating urgent law reforms and improved consent practices. Role of NHRI Departments in Follow-Up Consider the following questions in this case study: • What is the role for the NPM in relation to this case? • Which other NHRI departments should be involved in follow up and how? • What kinds of information should be shared among NHRI departments to enable effective follow up? • Have you come across similar issues in your country? How did you address them? NPM Toolkit for Asia Pacific NPM-NHRIs 41