33 respectively. In addition, only 49.3% of middle school students and 34.5% of high school students, both falling short of 50%, participated in drinking prevention programs. The survey also showed that the percentage of middle and high school students who successfully purchased cigarettes when attempted was 47.1% and 74.4%, respectively. 2) Questions 153. Does the government have plans to raise awareness about the health risks of smoking and drinking? 154. What kind of effective measures can be taken to prevent the use of toxic substances such as smoking and drinking among adolescents? Issue 43. Addiction: Smartphones and Internet, Gambling 1) Current status 155. In a 2018 survey by the Ministry of Gender Equality and Family of 1.29 million students (4th, 7th, and 10th graders) on excessive use of smartphones and the internet, about 196,000 students were diagnosed as a risk group for being over-dependent on one of them, and about 65,000 students were identified high risk group for being over-dependent on both. In the case of 4th graders, although the number of students participated in the survey in 2018 has decreased compared to the previous year, the risk group has increased from 10.7% to 12.6% and the high risk group has increased from 3.1% to 3.8%. 156. According to the 2016 Current Status of Media Usage among Adolescents and Harmful Environment, 23.7% of adolescents at risk who went through youth detention centers, probation offices, or youth shelters played online gambling, which is 5.4 fold higher than that of normal adolescents at 4.4%. On the other hand, the rate of normal adolescents who received online gambling prevention education programs was higher at 34.5% whereas adolescents at risk stood at 29.6%. 2) Questions 157. What are the government's plans to reduce the adolescents' excessive dependency on smartphones and the internet? Please explain the causes of such over-dependency and plans for early intervention. 158. What are the government's plans to reduce the online gambling among adolescents? In particular, provide specific plans for reducing online gambling among adolescents at risk.