2. Human trafficking and
sexual exploitation
Trafficking and sexual exploitation is frequently
The trafficking and sexual exploitation of women
other forms of transportation.53 As such, the risks
and children is a significant challenge within the
associated with trafficking and other types of
tourism sector.
modern slavery must be front of mind for those
48
According to the ILO, sexual
exploitation accounts for approximately 19%
and
unknowingly
facilitated
by
tourism
businesses, including by airlines, hotels and
operating in the tourism industry.
(4.8 million people) of all modern slavery cases
globally.49 Of these cases, the overwhelming
majority of victims are women and girls (99%).50
ECPAT’s 2018 review of Vietnam found that child
sexual exploitation is a prevalent issue for the
whole country.51 In particular, the review warned
that the trafficking of under-aged girls for child
marriage is on the rise in the northern districts.52
Human Trafficking and
the Airline Industry
In 2018, the International Air Transport
Association (IATA) unanimously
approved a resolution denouncing
trafficking in persons and committing
to actions to identify and address
trafficking.54
IATA has developed a range of
materials and resources for airline
staff including guidance material and
an e-learning course.55 IATA is also
collaborating with airports and other
stakeholders within the air transport
sector to raise awareness and share
resources and guidance material.56
One response available to tourism enterprises is
to commit to the Code of Conduct for the Protection
of Children from Sexual Exploitation (The Code).
The Code is a voluntary commitment on the
protection of children from sexual exploitation
in the tourism sector. As of July 2022, the Code
had 396 members across 245 countries, most
of which were business enterprises in travel
and hospitality.57 Some tourism companies in
Vietnam, such as Accor Hotels Vietnam, are
members of The Code.58
Responsible business conduct and the tourism industry in Vietnam • Guidance for companies • 2022 | 29