37 standards.47 This, in turn, contributes to the lack of advanced training on OSH among labor inspectors. The existing number of qualified labor inspectors is grossly inadequate for ensuring compliance with OSH standards across the country. Similar to the situation with the enforcement of minimum wages, existing penalties for OSH violations are low, and the monitoring mechanisms to ensure compliance in cases of violations are sorely lacking. Unsurprisingly, the survey responses echoed many of these points. In fact, 50% of respondents view existing government programs and policies as nonresponsive to improving OSH in the country. Coupled with 12.5% slightly agreeing with this view, this translated to 62.5% of the respondents. The negative impression on OSH standards is due to several factors: ● Persistent and significant gaps and problems in the implementation of OSH standards; ● The lack of enforcement on the part of NGAs; and ● The fact that OSH standards and concerns are not even explained to workers in some enterprises. Recommendations for Policy Reforms and Program Development Given the extent of the problems confronting the effective implementation and enforcement of labor and OSH standards in the country, this report offers recommendations for policy-making and governance. These are derived both from the literature review, as well as the suggestions provided by sweatshop workers themselves. The proposed changes and reforms either involve existing government policies and programs or significant policy reforms. Starting with the recommendations from the sweatshop workers that provided the primary data for this report, most of their suggestions regarding governance and enforcement of standards revolve around the following: 1. The proper and effective implementation and monitoring of OSH standards, penalties, and safety protocols—especially in industries involving the use and handling of chemicals 2. Efficient and Effective Livelihood and Welfare Programs that include interventions on social protection, health, and employment 47 Joyce Anne S. Lumactud, Gap Analysis of ILO Convention No. 81 (Labor Inspection), at viii, available at https://ils.dole.gov.ph/rights-at-work/2016-rw/gap-analysis-of-ilo-convention-no-81labour-inspection (last accessed November 5, 2022).