The Commission’s Concept Paper about a national anti-racism framework, released in March 2021, flagged a need for greater community understanding of the different dimensions of racism and racial inequality in Australia. Experiences of racism, discrimination and hatred vary and are experienced differently, ranging from: • Verbal abuse and expressions of hate and violence from anonymous encounters • Everyday racism like off-hand jokes and comments that reinforce negative stereotypes or prejudices about people based on their race, colour or ethnicity • Institutionalised forms of racial discrimination • Systemic issues that disproportionately impact certain groups identifiable by race (e.g. Aboriginal people and Torres Strait Islander people, Sudanese people) • Lack of cultural diversity in leadership across government and business • Fearmongering about asylum seekers and Muslims, often containing racial undertones. Participants also called for enhanced visibility and responses at the intersection of different forms of discrimination. They shared concerns that those who experienced racial discrimination and who were also part of LGBTQIA+ communities, who were refugees, who had precarious visa or citizenship status, and who are people with disability, women, and young people, those from certain religious backgrounds, and those also experiencing caste discrimination, amongst others, need stronger protections in terms of policy, programs, and the law. National Anti-Racism Framework Scoping Report 2022 | 10