10. In terms of the number of teachers for students with disabilities in high school, DepEd data from SY 2012-2013 to SY 2017-2018 show an increase in the first three school years, then a significant decline from 2015 to 2017, and a slight improvement in SY 2017-2018.25 Table 20: Number of Teachers for Students with Disabilities in High School, SY 2012-2013 to SY 2017-2018 School Year 2012-2013 2013-2014 2014-2015 2015-2016 2016-2017 2017-2018 264 289 562 305 284 355 11. Meanwhile, in 2021, TESDA reported that, together with their partner private technical-vocational (tech-voc) institutions, more than 11.6 million Filipinos enrolled in tech-voc education, and more than 10.8 million graduated. The employment rate of technical vocational education and training (TVET) graduates also rose from 70.51% in 2020 to 78.57% in 2021.26 Moreover, in President Duterte’s administration, almost 35,000 repatriated Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs), including their dependents, had also enrolled in their free tech-voc programs, and more than 30,000 graduated, and around 19,000 were also certified as skilled workers.27 12. However, based on the 2017 Annual Poverty Indicators Survey (APIS), the PSA reported that about 9% of the estimated 39.2 million Filipinos aged 6 to 24 years old were out-of-school children and youth (OSCY), who are family members, 6 to 14 years old, not attending formal school, and those 15 to 24 years old who are currently out of school, not gainfully employed, and have not finished college or post-secondary course.28 13. A research report by Arcelo and Sanyal through the International Institute for Educational Planning (IIEP) was published as early as 1987 on the transition from college to work in the Philippines. While the researchers assumed that unemployment of college students in the country at the time of the study in 1981 was voluntary and attributed the gravity of the problem to the type of institution and curricular program of the graduates, they also acknowledged the limited educational opportunities at the higher level and educational mismatch among graduates, recommending that “the educational system should concentrate on producing graduates who can adapt themselves to rapidly changing needs of jobs. In other words, the education system should concentrate on imparting basic skills, while specialization would take place on the job.”29 14. Such a conclusion is not far from what Yamauchi and Tiongco (2020) have observed in a student tracking survey conducted to assess the impact of a 25 Id. Leslie Ann Aquino, TESDA reports increase in employability of tech-voc graduates, MANILA BULLETIN, May 31, 2022, available at https://mb.com.ph/2022/05/31/tesda-reports-increase-in-employability-of-tech-voc-graduates/ (last accessed June 18, 2022). 27 Id. 28 Philippine Statistics Authority, Nine Percent of Filipinos Aged 6 to 24 years are Out of School (Results from the 2017 Annual Poverty Indicators Survey), available at https://psa.gov.ph/content/nine-percent-filipinos-aged-6-24-years-are-outschool-results-2017-annual-poverty-indicators (last accessed June 18, 2022). 29 Adriano A. Arcelo & Bikas C. Sanyal, Employment and career opportunities after graduation: A study on the transition from college to work in the Philippines, No. 61, IIEP Research Report, 229 (1987). 26 15