facilities might push their husbands to leave them. A number of participants see sexually pleasuring their husbands as part of their responsibility as wives. In one of the detention facilities in CARAGA, one participant highlighted the importance of conjugal visits for them and of satisfying their own and their partners’ sexual needs: “Dapat matugunan ang pangangailangan ng kubol, para maibsan naman ang mga tensyon sa loob ng aming katawan bilang mga babae, at para naman magampanan namin ang aming tungkulin para sa aming partner at asawa para hindi na sila maghanap ng iba at para naman sa maikling oras ay maasikaso at mahalin nila kami (Our need of kubol [for conjugal visits] should be addressed, so that the tension that we feel in our bodies as women may be eased, and so that we can fulfill our responsibilities to our partners or husbands to ensure that they will not replace us. At least for a brief period they can take care of us and love us).” Even with provisions for conjugal visits, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender detainees are not given the same privileges as hetero-conforming women are. Partners of LBTs are not considered as spouses and are often classified as secondary to immediate family. In many facilities where only immediate family are allowed to visit, LBT detainees are unable to see their partners. Senior women, most with deteriorating health, fear dying in prison without seeing their families again. As their children matured, they began to move on with more responsibilities as they formed their own families. Some older women deprived of liberty feel that their families outside of prison no longer care for them. Recognizing the impact of traditional roles on women deprived of liberty, both the Mandela and Bangkok Rules provide contact with the outside world, particularly families as part of key standards. For both rules, upon intake, registration of family members, including children and their location, custody and education is required (Rule 7 of the Mandela Rules). Due to the vulnerability of women to intimate partner violence, the Bangkok Rules require that they be consulted on who will be allowed to visit them. Both rules also discourage and prohibit the denial of family contact or communication as part of the facilities’ disciplinary measures, and call for the provision of conjugal visits for both women and men. The Bangkok Rules particularly recommend extended contact between mother and child. 31