What are the requirements of CAT ? (a) Substantive requirements of CAT The State is required to “take effective legislative, administrative, judicial or other measures to prevent acts of torture in any territory under its jurisdiction. Article 2, CAT refrain from expelling, returning or extraditing a person to another State where there are substantial grounds for believing that he would be in danger of being subjected to torture. Article 3 CAT “ensure that all acts of torture are offence s under its criminal law” and “make these offences punishable by appropriate penalties which take account of their grave nature Article 4 CAT ensure that education and information regarding the prohibition against torture are fully included in the training of law enforcement personnel, civil or military, medical personnel, public officials and other person who may be involved in the custody, interrogation or treatment of any individual subjected to any form of arrest, detention or imprisonment and include this prohibition in the rules or instructions in regard to the duties and functions of any such person. Article 10, CAT keep under systematic review interrogation rules, instructions, methods and practices as well as arrangements for custody and treatment of persons subjected to any form of arrest, detention or imprisonment with a view to preventing cases of torture Article 11, CAT ensure a prompt and impartial investigation when there are reasonable grounds to believe act of torture has been committed Article 12, CAT ensure right to complain about allegations of torture and protection of complainant against reprisals Article 13, CAT ensure victims of torture obtain redress in its legal system Article 14, CAT ensure exclusion as evidence of statements made under torture Article 15, CAT prevent other acts of cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment Article 16, CAT 19