Asia Pacific Forum of National Human Rights Institutions United Nations Figure 9 shows member participation in United Nations (UN) processes. The level of overall positive engagement with UN processes across the APF membership remains consistently high, with up to 71% of members participating during 2013–14. The cyclical nature of the UN’s UPR and treaty body reviews account for the difference between years. Despite annual variations, however, there appears to be an increasing trend for member NHRIs to follow up recommendations with their States, to monitor proceedings and outcomes, to submit parallel reports, and to participate in proceedings independently as encouraged through capacity building by the APF. Figure 9: Percentage of members participating in UN processes – UPR and treaty body reviews Universal Periodic Review: Follow-up recommendations with the State Treaty body review: Follow-up recommendations with the State Universal Periodic Review: Monitor proceedings and outcomes Treaty body review: Monitor proceedings and outcomes 2014 2013 2012 Universal Periodic Review: Submit a parallel report 2011 2010 Treaty body review: Submit a parallel report Universal Periodic Review: Participate in proceedings independently Treaty body review: Participate in proceedings independently 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% Members’ engagement in the targeted processes associated with the work of the special procedures mandate holders is less frequent than the universal cyclical processes, and therefore trends are more difficult to identify. As shown in Figure 10, there is a very high degree of annual variation in members’ engagement with special procedures mandate holders. 38