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As ‘second-class people, North Korean women can thus be considered as being
reproduced through the general characteristics of the socialist political system and
revolutionary tradition which provide the moral basis for the absolute authority of the
‘Suryeong’, through a social class categorization built on the latter, and through a
mechanism of inheriting privileges via political capital.
3) The social distribution system and women’s human rights
North Korea has operated a privilege-centred distribution system within a fully
hierarchized society. For example, party leaders’ rations are distributed by supply
bureau no. 65, North Korean People’s Army generals are supplied by bureau no. 9,
directors and vice-directors of public administration by bureau no. 10, section chiefs in
public administration and bereaved families of ‘champions of the revolution’ by
bureau no. 4, etc.; by assigning these people privileged supply grades North Korea has
maintained a hierarchized structure of redistributions.24
The recipients of the privileged distribution system are the chairpersons and deputy
chairpersons of the Party’s Central Committee, those specifically authorized by the
Party’s Secretariat, and supply recipients selected by the Finance and Accounting
Department, i.e. the so-called privileged class of North Korea. Special organizations
such as the Integrity Department, the People’s Safety Agency, and the Ministry of the
People’s Armed Forces also have their own respective supply bureaus. The supply
bureaus for this privileged class run exclusive farms and food factories to produce their
own supply goods. Due to this process an arbitrary and organization-centred
appropriation and usage of assets arises rather naturally.
24
Supply bureau no. 65 is also called ‚Leaders‘ supply bureau‘. This office distinguishes between four
types of supply recipients: The head secretary in charge of the District Party and the chairperson of the
District Administration Committee belong to the highest grade, while the second highest grade
comprises organizing secretaries and propaganda secretaries of the District Party, as well as the vicechair ranks of the District Administration Committee. According to the witness account of one North
Korean refugee, supplies to stores delivering to officials and leaders were fully upheld throughout the
severely difficult times of economic crisis. For example, with regard to the daily distribution of pork
meat, 70% of it was distributed as state rewards, while 30% had to be paid for individually. Maintaining
this system even in times of famines and economic plight allegedly aimed at keeping the officials as a
neutral class.