56 As ‘second-class people, North Korean women can thus be considered as being reproduced through the general characteristics of the socialist political system and revolutionary tradition which provide the moral basis for the absolute authority of the ‘Suryeong’, through a social class categorization built on the latter, and through a mechanism of inheriting privileges via political capital. 3) The social distribution system and women’s human rights North Korea has operated a privilege-centred distribution system within a fully hierarchized society. For example, party leaders’ rations are distributed by supply bureau no. 65, North Korean People’s Army generals are supplied by bureau no. 9, directors and vice-directors of public administration by bureau no. 10, section chiefs in public administration and bereaved families of ‘champions of the revolution’ by bureau no. 4, etc.; by assigning these people privileged supply grades North Korea has maintained a hierarchized structure of redistributions.24 The recipients of the privileged distribution system are the chairpersons and deputy chairpersons of the Party’s Central Committee, those specifically authorized by the Party’s Secretariat, and supply recipients selected by the Finance and Accounting Department, i.e. the so-called privileged class of North Korea. Special organizations such as the Integrity Department, the People’s Safety Agency, and the Ministry of the People’s Armed Forces also have their own respective supply bureaus. The supply bureaus for this privileged class run exclusive farms and food factories to produce their own supply goods. Due to this process an arbitrary and organization-centred appropriation and usage of assets arises rather naturally. 24 Supply bureau no. 65 is also called ‚Leaders‘ supply bureau‘. This office distinguishes between four types of supply recipients: The head secretary in charge of the District Party and the chairperson of the District Administration Committee belong to the highest grade, while the second highest grade comprises organizing secretaries and propaganda secretaries of the District Party, as well as the vicechair ranks of the District Administration Committee. According to the witness account of one North Korean refugee, supplies to stores delivering to officials and leaders were fully upheld throughout the severely difficult times of economic crisis. For example, with regard to the daily distribution of pork meat, 70% of it was distributed as state rewards, while 30% had to be paid for individually. Maintaining this system even in times of famines and economic plight allegedly aimed at keeping the officials as a neutral class.

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