41 output, that they mainly depend on distributions from urban industrial areas, and are characterized by a relatively high mobility of residents, as livelihood activities based on markets are rather vibrant. Although the above distribution is not well-balanced and, therefore, does not refer to the human rights situation in all areas across North Korea, the high deviation in numbers of North Koreans with regard to area of origin actually reflects the inadequacy of the human rights environment in these areas. <Table 3-7> Distribution of survey respondents by formal occupation at place of origin Formal occupation Number of persons Percentage (%) Labourer 129 52.0 Member of agricultural cooperative 31 12.5 Office worker 20 8.1 Student 13 5.2 Army member 3 1.2 Executive in the cadre or bureau 3 1.2 Other 33 13.3 Sum 232 93.5 No answer 16 6.5 Total 248 100.0 In the distribution of respondents with regard to formal occupation at the place of origin (cf. <Table 3-7>) an overwhelming half is made up by the mode of labourer. This mirrors the weight of the industrial sector in the North Korean production structure. Moreover, it refers to the fact that labourers, who fully relied on the distribution system and were confronted with very harsh life circumstances as distribution was not sufficiently carried out during the long period of economic plight, are the occupational group whose right to existence is most severely threatened. <Table 3-8> Distribution of survey respondents by time of flight from North Korea Time of flight Number of persons Percentage (%) 1990-1995 4 1.6 1996 2 0.8 1997 11 4.4