with average monthly income of less than KRW 1 million. Private education participation rate was 82.8% in the former group, but was 32.1% in the latter group. As illustrated in the first graph, participation rate by income level rose in proportion to monthly expenditure, and, as shown in the second graph, participation rate was proportionate to rank in school. Monthly expenditure on private education per student and participation rate by household income level in 2015 (Source: Statistics Korea, 2015 Survey on Private Education Expenditures in Primary and Secondary School) Monthly expenditure on private education per student and participation rate by rank in school in 2015 (Source: Statistics Korea, 2015 Survey on Private Education Expenditures in Primary and Secondary School) 73. In the meantime, primary school students aged 12 years or younger still spent long hours on private education, although their participation hours decreased to 6.4 hours per week per student in 2015 from 7.2 hours in 2011. Largely due to this, according to the Subjective Well-being Level of Korean Children and the Challenges for Policy Actions published by the Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs, Korean children recorded academic stress rate of 50.5%, ranking the 1st among the children of the 29 countries observed by the UNICEF (33.3% on average) while they recorded life satisfaction rate of 18.5%, ranking the 26th among the 30 nations observed (Ireland ranked the 1st with 42.5% and the average rate was 26.7%). 74. Child’s right to play is important. Longer hours of private education means that children are 18 / 25