Execlusive Summary Women The State had made progress in legal reform according to the UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) by including the principle of gender equality in the Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand, B.E. 2560 (2017) while trying to reduce gender inequality. However, there were still many challenges that affect gender equality, such as opportunity to complete education, economic opportunity and participation, and political power. Violence against women, including domestic violence increased. Women’s rights situations have foundation on traditional attitude towards women which lead to discrimination based on sex. The State and local governments still do not recognize importance of empowerment and aggregation of ethnic and indigenous women into network. Moreover, it was found that there was gender-based violence connected to power relation. Men in commanding position use their superior power to commit violence against women under their command in various forms from sexual abuse or harassment to physical attack and having activities that include body contacts which create opportunities for sexual harassment. Such sex-based violence makes abused women shameful, putting them in fearful situations. They may be threatened and intimidated, resulting in they dare not quickly complain to the police or other concerned persons on the day that offence take place. In addition, it was also found that women who asked for maternity leave according to official regulations were investigated whether their maternity leave was correct or not according to legal regulations; their child was born from legal marriage or not. If it was found to be incorrect, they would be considered to commit disciplinary wrongdoing or wrongdoing in term of officials’ ethics, and would be punished as an example for other officials not to do it. This made the women feel that they were disrespectful, cynical, and their reputation was damaged as if they did something wrong even if they openly lived with a husband. Persons of different gender orientation and gender identity Thai society has developed to increasingly recognize diverse gender identities and expressions. However, there were still challenges in four important areas caused by structure, attitude and various understanding, that were stigmatizing, sexual harassment, violence against gender diverse persons in general situations, especially reproduction of media that stereotyped gender diverse persons as abnormal, erratic from other people in general, laws or policies that obstructed expression or recognition of their gender orientation and คณะกรรมการสิทธิมนุษยชนแห่งชาติ | 39 Summary of data collection system that covers all areas and could be used to assess and analyse progress in the works on child rights, for example. In 2017, the government tried to take actions to promote and protect children’s rights through amendments of several laws, such as Labour Protection Act (5th Issue), B.E. 2560 (2017), National Children and Juvenile Development Act (2nd Issue), B.E. 2560 (2017), and Promotion of Food Market for Infants and Small Children and Related Products Act, B.E. 2560 (2017). However, it was found that the State still need to pay attention to monitor and solve some problems, such as to reduce death and injuries of children from drowning and road accident, to monitor and suppress child pornography, and to protect children who are followers of foreign migrant labour.